下面是小編整理的考研英語(yǔ)必背范文30篇，歡迎大家閱讀!

考研英語(yǔ)必背精選篇1

推薦信 1

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

推薦信應(yīng)多寫被推薦人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，肯定其成績(jī)。但內(nèi)容應(yīng)真實(shí)可信，語(yǔ)言熱情得體。切忌夸大其實(shí)。

Directions:2

You are asked to write a letter of recommendation for Miss Liu Ming who wants to study for the Master?s Degree under the supervision of Professor Smith who was once your supervisor in your graduate study. Write a letter to Prof. Smith in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li

Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Prof. Smith,

It has always been a great pleasure to write to you since I can never fail to get help, inspiration or enlightenment from you. Now I am writing to recommend to you Miss Liu Ming who wants to pursue her graduate study for the Master’s Degree under your supervision.

Miss Liu Ming was one of my classmates in Tianjin University. She was one of the most excellent students in our university as can be seen from her straight A grades on all subjects. After graduation she worked in Tianyi Biological Company for three years, which considerably added to her practical experience.

It is my belief that with her intelligence, diligence and rich experience, Miss Liu Ming has great potential for further development in the field of pharmacology both theoretically and practically. Therefore, I recommend her to you with no reservations.

Faithfully yours,

Li Ming

推薦信2

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn)：

推薦信是向收信人推薦某人做某事的信件，一般分為三個(gè)部分：

1.指出被推薦的人及推薦的原因;

2.介紹被推薦人的情況;

3.總結(jié)說明被推薦人值得被推薦(例如能勝任工作)。

Directions 1

Suppose you have been a private tutor of Mr. Wang?s daughter for two years. But now you are going to graduate and so you recommend your friend Lily who is a sophomore to take the place of you. Write a letter to Mr. Wang in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming

instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am very sorry to tell you that I am going to graduate this June and cannot go on with my job as a tutor of your daughter. It has really been a pleasant experience to teach your daughter English as she is such a lovely and smart girl. Here I take great pleasure in recommending to you my friend Lily who is a sophomore majoring in English in my university. She is particularly willing to take the part?time job of an English tutor when she knows about your daughter.

Lily is an excellent student. Especially her spoken English is both fluent and proficient, which can positively influence the person speaking with her. Moreover, as a lively, cheerful and easy?going girl, she is good at communicating with others.

Therefore, I am confident that she is highly competent for the job and will help your daughter make further progress in English.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

建議信 1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn)：

建議信是建議收信人采取某種行動(dòng)的信件，一般分為三個(gè)部分：

1. 說明建議的內(nèi)容;

2. 提出建議的原因;

3. 指出采納建議的益處。

Directions3

Suppose one of your friends is going on a self?tour in your hometown. Write a letter in about 100 words to make a suggestion to him/her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Mary,

Glad to hear from you. You have made a right decision to travel in my hometown, Sichuan because it is a place with picturesque scenery.

Self?tour is always my favorite, too, as it gives me more freedom to choose the beauty spots and arrange the tour. To you, a camping?lover, I highly recommend the Ice Mountain in Songpan County. First, you can directly go there by bus from Chengdu or Mianyang. The accommodation in Songpan is very convenient since there are quite a lot of private hotels with clean rooms at low price. Then you can hire a guide who will prepare a horse, a tent and some other things for you. After that, you will visit the beautiful scenery on horseback by following the guide during the day and enjoy camping at night. My journey there last July has really brought me great pleasure and unforgettable memory.

Wish you a happy tour.

Yours ever,

Li Ming

建議信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

這類信可寫給認(rèn)識(shí)的人，也可寫給不認(rèn)識(shí)的人。內(nèi)容與模式都比較靈活。但總地來說，應(yīng)言辭懇切，理由充分。

directions4

Suppose one of your friends is going to take the CET?6 and asks you for suggestions on how to make preparation. Write a letter in about 100 words to him/her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Helen,

What a surprise it is that you are going to take this June’s CET?6 since you are only a freshman in Fudan University! Anyway, your courage and efforts are worth praise.

To get fully prepared for the test, I think, you need to first enlarge your vocabulary, which is the basis of all parts. Second, you need more exercises, especially exercises of reading comprehension, in order to improve your test skills. Then you should practise writing constantly. You can e?mail your compositions to me and I will correct them for you in time.

In a word, every effort is rewarding. I am looking forward to your success.

Best wishes.

Yours,

Li Ming

求職信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

求職信是申請(qǐng)具體職位的信件，包括下列三個(gè)部分：

1. 說明應(yīng)聘職位;

2. 介紹自身情況;

3. 請(qǐng)求回復(fù)并表示感謝。

directions5

Write a letter in about 100 words to a high school to apply for a teaching position. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

I am writing to apply for the position as an English teacher that you recently advertised in Sichuan Daily. I take keen interest in the post because I find that my major and experiences well meet the requirements you stated in the advertisement.

Being interested in English teaching, I pursued my graduate study in the direction of teaching methodology in Sichuan International Studies University, and got a Master’s Degree in . I was a top student through the three academic years, as can be shown in the enclosed resume and reports. After graduation, I ever taught English in a Xi’an high school. As Sichuan is my hometown I love very much, I have decided to move back and so I venture to apply for the position in your school.

If I were favored with an interview, I would be most grateful. Please contact me at 13573889787. Thank you for your consideration.

Best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

求職信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

求職信不同于簡(jiǎn)歷。在介紹自己情況時(shí)，不可面面俱到，否則篇幅過長(zhǎng)，反而不易得到重視。應(yīng)重點(diǎn)突出與所應(yīng)聘職位相關(guān)的自己的特點(diǎn)及特長(zhǎng)。語(yǔ)言要有禮貌，要能體現(xiàn)出誠(chéng)懇的態(tài)度和對(duì)工作的渴求。

Directions6

Suppose you are going to graduate from Shanghai University. Write a letter in about 100 words to a company to apply for a post of salesman. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

Keenly interested I am in the post of salesman you have advertised on the job market because I think my major, marketing, and my practical experience particularly match your requirements of the post.

I will graduate from Shanghai University this June and get a B.A. degree. I have always been one of the top ten students in my class. I got excellent grades in not only required subjects but also optional courses such as economics, statistics and Chinese literature. Besides, I have passed CET?6 with a mark over 80. Moreover, during the four years, I took an active part in all kinds of practices of sale promotion, which greatly added to my experience in marketing and interpersonal communication. In a word, I am confident that I qualify for the post.

If my application were taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Enclosed are my score reports and resume.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

感謝信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

感謝信是就某事向收信人表示感謝的信件，分為三個(gè)部分：

1. 指出對(duì)方幫助自己的事情，表示感謝;

2. 展開敘述這件事;

3. 再次感謝，并可表示希望回報(bào)對(duì)方。

Directions 7

Suppose you were taken good care of by Doctor Liu when you were in hospital. Write a letter in about 100 words to him to show your gratitude. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Doctor Liu,

It is a great pleasure to extend my sincere thanks to you for your careful treatment and attendance when I was in hospital this March.

On that night, I got acute appendicitis and was sent to your hospital by my roommates. Yet I was very lucky to have you, an experienced and skillful doctor, on duty. You immediately diagnosed my disease, hospitalized me and arranged a timely operation for me. In the following days you took good care of me and talked to me from time to time to release my pain.

It was all because of your attendance and perfect professional skills that I could recover so soon. Therefore, thank you again and I wish I would have the chance to pay you back for all your kindness.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

感謝信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

感謝信應(yīng)充分表達(dá)自己的謝意，切不可給對(duì)方草率的印象。可借助談對(duì)方的幫助來進(jìn)一步表達(dá)感激之情。言辭應(yīng)真摯、得體。

Directions 8

Suppose your friend lent you a book and gave you some suggestions when you made preparations for CET?6. Write a letter in about 100 words to show your gratitude. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Sherry,

My thanks to you for your help with my preparations for the CET?6 are beyond words.

Originally I only wanted to ask you for some advice on the coming test, as you were so good at English. But to my surprise, you gave more help to me than I had ever expected. You not only wrote down ten suggestions for me but also showed me how I could arrange my time and what I should do in each month before the test. Besides, you lent me the book I needed very much when you learned that I had not yet got it. It was really kind and considerate of you.

Your unreserved help enabled me to make efficient preparations and at last encouraged me to pass the test. So I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude again.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

致歉信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

致歉信是向收信人表示歉意的信件，包括三個(gè)部分：

1. 說明為何事而致歉;

2. 解釋造成過失或不能履約的原因;

3. 再次致歉或提出解決方案。

Directions 9

Suppose you cannot attend your sister?s graduation ceremony as expected for some reason. Write a letter in about 100 words to make an apology to her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Linda,

Kindly excuse me for my not being able to attend your graduation ceremony next Wednesday as I have promised.

You know, there will be a meeting of great importance to my company next week in Nanjing. But the person who was originally appointed to it is now seriously ill in hospital. And I have been asked to take his place to attend the meeting and make a speech on behalf of my company. On the one hand, it is a task assigned by my boss out of his trust in me. On the other hand, I do regard it as an opportunity to both display and enhance my abilities. So I am afraid I cannot be present at your graduation ceremony.

Though I have decided to send you a gift to celebrate your graduation, I really regret that I cannot give you my sincere congratulations on the spot, for I know any gift can never parallel a warm word spoken personally by a family member. I do feel terribly sorry. Please forgive me.

Cordially,

Li Ming

致歉信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

致歉信必須寫得坦誠(chéng)，表達(dá)出真心的歉意。

Directions 10

Suppose you have accepted Mr. Zhang?s invitation to dinner, but you have to change your plan for some reason. Write a letter in about 100 words to make an apology to him. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Zhang,

It was very kind of you to invite me to dinner in your house the day after tomorrow and I originally accepted it with great pleasure. But now, much to my regret that I may not be able to keep my promise because my sister was injured in a car accident and I must look after her in the hospital for several days.

The accident happened suddenly and all my family are now busy dealing with it and caring for my sister. So I don’t think I will have the time to go to the dinner and even if I go, I am afraid I will hardly be in a cheerful mood, which may spoil the party.

I am very sorry for that and really regret that I would miss such an excellent chance of enjoying the perfect dishes with friends. Besides, please give my regards to Mr. and Mrs. Rogers when they come to dinner.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

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Direction 26

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題目屬于哲理類的題目，可以用多種方法來說明圖中所闡述的道理，文章的安排也有多種可能性。我們可以采用一種比較獨(dú)特的方式，先描述圖表，在第二段中就所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問，在第三段中以舉例說明我們對(duì)該問題的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)，最后在第四段做結(jié)。

Sample:

A miserable picture unfolds before our eyes: a flood has destroyed a whole city. We can imagine the loss of lives and property. Under the picture, there was a thought?provoking sentence: every drop of water says it is not responsible for the flood.

This picture inevitably invites a series of questions: then who is responsible for the flood? Who has demolished the houses? Who has drowned the children?

A good case in point is pollution. Twenty years ago, most rivers were so clean—the water was drinkable and so many people went swimming and fishing. Only two decades later, many of them became so polluted that we can no longer drink the water—fishes have died out and nobody ever swims in it or washes clothes by it. Every one of us never thinks the industrial waste or the living garbage we once damped into the river would cause so serious a result—today the harsh reality has become too hard to swallow.

Finally we realize that every drop of water actually is responsible for the flood. Only if every citizen takes on his responsibility as a member of a family, a nation and the world can all of us wish to have a more beautiful future.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

第一段對(duì)圖表和圖下的文字進(jìn)行描述。這一段使用了少用的句型A miserable picture unfolds before our eyes以深化看到圖畫后受到的震撼。而后加入了聯(lián)想性的句子We can imagine the loss of lives and property，這是不多見的。然后描述了圖下的一句話。

第二段創(chuàng)造性地連問了三個(gè)問題，與圖下的文字針鋒相對(duì)，又為第三段的論述做了充分的鋪墊。三個(gè)問題中，第一個(gè)問題直接與上段末句形成對(duì)立，而后面兩句則是呼應(yīng)首段的次句，可謂環(huán)環(huán)相扣，聯(lián)系緊密。

第三段共分四句，舉了污染的例子。第一句是常用句型。第二句和第三句形成了鮮明的對(duì)比——二十年前的河流清澈，二十年后的卻污染嚴(yán)重。最后一句是關(guān)鍵——傾倒工業(yè)廢料、生活垃圾的人也沒有想到會(huì)有如此嚴(yán)重的后果。

最后一段是結(jié)論段，共分兩句。第一句話正好與圖中的話相反，這是在論述后得到的結(jié)論。第二句話引申說——每個(gè)公民都要盡自己的責(zé)任，我們才能擁有美好的明天。

心得：

在說理的文章中，找到切入點(diǎn)是很重要的，所以很多時(shí)候要用到舉例。一般說來，有多種例子可舉，并不一定哪一種就是最好的。這時(shí)由于時(shí)間有限，不可太猶豫。本文中舉了污染的例子，解答了第二段中的疑問，也直接引出了末段的結(jié)論，作用非常重要，請(qǐng)大家用心體會(huì)。

Direction 27

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the pictures;

2. interpret the meaning of the pictures;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這是一個(gè)非常好的題目，我們可以這樣來構(gòu)思：描述圖表——分析其中道理——推廣到生活中——采取行動(dòng)。

Sample:

In the first picture, a young girl poured a whole barrel of water on a little flower in order to help it grow more quickly. In the second picture, the flower withered before long, and the child was crying—she wondered why things should be that way.

Trees need water to grow up, and flowers need water to bloom. But too much water can no longer be helpful—it can only hinder their growth and even kill them. Whenever we water trees or flowers, we should do it according to the natural principle.

Actually, whenever we take action in our daily life, we should follow the law of nature. It is understandable for us to dream of quick success and then take immediate actions to turn it into reality, but we should not be too hasty. If we are always in a hurry, quality often suffers, making it more difficult for us to attain the aim.

Up until now, we come to understand the meaning of the old saying “Haste makes waste” better. We should break our great plan into small parts, analyze the feature of each part and carry it out step by step—when we follow the natural pace of development, success will soon be in our hands.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

本文共分為四段。第一段描述兩幅圖畫，突出了其中的對(duì)比。第二段分三句來闡述畫中的道理。前兩句話說樹與花都需要水，但過多的水不但無益，反倒有害。最后一句話說澆水要符合自然規(guī)律。第三段共三句話。第一句說在日常生活中，我們應(yīng)遵守自然規(guī)律。第二句說夢(mèng)想快速成功然后立即采取行動(dòng)是可以理解的，但是不能太著急。第三句話說如果總是匆匆忙忙，質(zhì)量肯定會(huì)受影響，達(dá)到目的就更難了。最后一段兩句話，第一句話說我們最終更好地理解了“欲速則不達(dá)”這句話。第二句話說了我們正確的做法——將計(jì)劃拆分成小的部分，分析每部分的特點(diǎn)，而后一步步地付諸實(shí)施。

心得：

該文由淺入深，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，漸入佳境，源自宏觀上全局的安排和微觀上語(yǔ)言的處理。從分析畫本身的道理，說到我們的日常生活，再到我們處事的具體做法，非常自然，也使人感到親切。

在語(yǔ)言上，首段采用了兩句簡(jiǎn)潔的描述，突出顯示了對(duì)比。次段首句采用的是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。次句采用了破折號(hào)表示遞進(jìn)。第三段中第二句采用了表轉(zhuǎn)折的并列句，第三句采用了條件狀語(yǔ)從句。第四段第二句采用了平行的動(dòng)賓詞組，而后使用破折號(hào)，最后使用了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

Direction 28

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題目看似簡(jiǎn)單，卻富含哲理，對(duì)我們而言是一個(gè)很好的挑戰(zhàn)。在謀篇布局上，需要精心安排。可以這樣做：在描述圖畫后，在第二段中直接對(duì)圖中的論斷進(jìn)行批駁，而后在第三段拓展到社會(huì)生活中相關(guān)的方面。最后在第四段中下結(jié)論。

Sample:

In the picture, a young man is lying in bed and says to himself, “If I do nothing, I will make no mistakes.”

How ridiculous this statement is! To err is human—who can avoid making mistakes all the time? If we are careful and cautious enough, we can always learn from our mistakes and failures. So when we meet the same problem for the second time, we can tackle it from another angle and by another approach. After repeated attempts, we can reduce or even eliminate mistakes.

We can’t help thinking of the inaction of some government officials. Their chief aim in their daily work is to make no mistakes. Whenever emergency happens, they never take immediate action. Instead, they always report it to his superior and ask him what can be done. In many cases, time has been wasted and the best opportunities to make remedies have been lost. If government officials cannot make decisions and take actions, why do we need them?

Like the government officials, people of other professions should also take on their responsibility to do what they are required to do without hesitation. Mistakes are not a bad thing so long as we are determined to learn from them and make constant progress.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排非常精彩。第一段對(duì)圖畫進(jìn)行描述，非常簡(jiǎn)潔。第二段共分五句，直接對(duì)圖中人的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行批駁。第一句話使用感嘆句，極言上述說法之荒謬。第二句引用諺語(yǔ)，說明“人非圣賢，孰能無過”。第三句話說，我們總是能從錯(cuò)誤和失敗中學(xué)到東西。第四句和第五句說我們?cè)谟龅酵瑯拥膯栴}時(shí)，總是可以嘗試不同的方法以減少甚至消滅錯(cuò)誤。

第三段共分六句，以某些政府官員為例。第一句使用了常見的舉例子的句型。第二句說明他們的主要目的是“但求無過”。第三句和第四句說緊急情況出現(xiàn)時(shí)，他們不采取緊急行動(dòng)，而是匯報(bào)給上級(jí)。第五句說時(shí)間浪費(fèi)了，最好的補(bǔ)救時(shí)機(jī)錯(cuò)過了。最后一句說，如果政府官員不能做決定、采取行動(dòng)，我們要他們干什么呢?這一段將上述對(duì)道理的分析與當(dāng)前社會(huì)生活中的現(xiàn)象結(jié)合起來，很有說服力。

最后一段有兩句話，第一句說每個(gè)人都應(yīng)負(fù)起責(zé)任，毫不猶豫地履行自己的職責(zé)。第二句說錯(cuò)誤并不是壞事，只要我們從中學(xué)習(xí)便可以獲得進(jìn)步。

心得：

要想寫好哲理性的文章，平時(shí)要養(yǎng)成思考的習(xí)慣。在行文過程中，先辨明道理，而后與時(shí)事相結(jié)合是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。不要忘記最后給出有力的結(jié)論。

Direction 29

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. point out the serious consequences of this phenomenon;

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

該題談?wù)摿耸且粋€(gè)非常令人擔(dān)憂的現(xiàn)象——許多學(xué)生沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲和網(wǎng)上聊天。結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰，分為三個(gè)部分——描述圖畫，說明危害，提出解決辦法。我們可按照提綱來構(gòu)建我們的文章，將文章分成三段來寫。

Sample:

In the net bar, those who are present are obviously all school children. Different are the things they are doing on computers—some are playing games and some are chatting online; but the same are the expressions they wear before the computers—attentive and addicted. It seems that they are so absorbed in the unreal world that they may not notice anything around them in the real world.

As is known to all, the addiction to net games and chat can do great harm to children. First of all, it will affect their study by taking up a lot of time and energy. Secondly, radiation from computers will harm their health, especially their eyes. In addition, their indulging in the unreal world will have negative influence on their communication with people in the real world, and thus will hamper the development of their personality and mental health.

From my point of view, in order to solve this problem, the primary responsibility falls on parents, who are supposed to have more significant influence on the growth of children. By improving mutual communication, they can establish a better relationship with the children, make them feel they are cared and understood, and reasonably direct their interests. Next come teachers and schools, who, undoubtedly, play an important role in children’s education. Besides teaching knowledge in class, they should help children develop various interests to fill their after?class time, such as sports and scientific invention. In my belief, the problem of children’s addiction in net games and chat can be solved through efficient communication and proper guidance.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

文章的第一段是描述圖畫。共分三句話，第一句話說網(wǎng)吧里都是學(xué)生。第二句采用對(duì)比法，說不同的是有的打游戲，有的上網(wǎng)聊天，可相同的是都那樣專注。第三句采用結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，充分描述了他們此時(shí)的狀態(tài)。

第二段首句是段落的主題句。而后分三個(gè)方面來談，第一點(diǎn)是影響學(xué)習(xí);第二點(diǎn)是有害健康;第三點(diǎn)是對(duì)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)極為不利。

第三段分兩個(gè)方面來說，即家長(zhǎng)和教師，結(jié)構(gòu)極為清晰。最后一句話是結(jié)論，是對(duì)前面兩點(diǎn)(共四句話)的總結(jié)。

心得：

該文章是典型的“現(xiàn)象——后果——辦法”模式的文章，通過分析圖畫和文章，我們可以迅速確定文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)展，這是非常重要的。

Direction 30

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should

1) describe the drawing，

2) give possible reasons for the phenomenon, and

3) suggest possible solutions for the problem.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

該文提綱可分為三個(gè)部分：描述圖畫;給出圖畫所表現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象的原因;給出解決問題的辦法。這是一種非常常見的文章模式。在提綱中直接給出主題的情況不多，如果沒有給出，就應(yīng)該在第一段或第二段開頭明確地點(diǎn)出來。圖畫題一般有兩種情況，一種是平鋪直敘，直接寫圖畫反映的問題或現(xiàn)象;一種是含義深刻，簡(jiǎn)潔的圖畫中蘊(yùn)涵著深刻的道理。一般來說，后者的難度較高。這里屬于前一種情況。

Sample:

In the picture, we can see clearly that two small children are showing off their father’s business cards. One says proudly, “My father is the manager of his department.” And the other immediately laughs at him and utters, “Oh, that’s nothing. My father is the CEO of a multinational corporation.”

The reasons why such a worrying phenomenon arises, in my belief, are as follows. First, in the social transformation period, some people pay more and more attention to wealth and status, and link success to such superficial factors, thus making a destructive compact on children. Second, today’s media, to some extent, have actually aggravated such an unfavorable situation. In films and TV series a happy and ideal life is often depicted as a luxurious one, which will inevitably have an adverse effect on young people who are still not mature enough to distinguish between right and wrong. Third, teachers, on many occasions, have not done a satisfactory job. The present education system sometimes attaches too much attention to the scores and grades of students and overlooks their personality development.

To change the present unfavorable situation all of us must make immediate and substantial efforts. The government should try it best to create a social atmosphere in which people cherish diligence, conscience and simplicity. Teachers and schools should make every effort to teach the students to grow up into responsible and enterprising citizens who are determined to contribute to the development of the community, the nation and the whole world. Parents should let students get in touch with the society, helping them know that a meaningful life is one that brings significance to others. Only in this way can we hope to solve such a disturbing problem and ensure the brilliant future of our nation.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該文共分三段。第一段描述圖畫。一般說來，先描述圖畫，后點(diǎn)明主題的情形比較多——這樣寫重在歸納，比較重視邏輯和事物發(fā)展的內(nèi)部聯(lián)系。而本文首句即點(diǎn)明主題，即本文所述的現(xiàn)象——孩子吹噓父親職位、相互攀比的現(xiàn)象——這樣寫開門見山，非常有力度。

第二段寫了該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因。第一句話是段落的主題句，而后分社會(huì)、媒體和老師三個(gè)方面來說。

第三段寫解決問題的辦法，第一句話是主題句，之后分別寫政府、老師和家長(zhǎng)正確的做法。這里沒有使用象first,second,third這樣的連接詞，但由于采用了平行的主語(yǔ)，仍達(dá)到了結(jié)構(gòu)清晰的效果。最后一句話是結(jié)論句，使用了強(qiáng)勢(shì)的倒裝句，句中使用了連詞and，前面寫“解決問題”，正好與提綱相扣，后面寫“保證國(guó)家的美好明天”，是升華的部分，請(qǐng)大家用心體會(huì)末句的寫法。

心得：

第二段與第三段均分三點(diǎn)來寫，其中兩點(diǎn)嚴(yán)格呼應(yīng)，另一點(diǎn)并未嚴(yán)格呼應(yīng)(家長(zhǎng))。這是平行之間見變化的高級(jí)寫法，即兩點(diǎn)是顯性呼應(yīng)，一點(diǎn)是隱性呼應(yīng)。

免費(fèi)考研網(wǎng)www.freekaoyan.com

Direction 21

Read the following story carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. retell the story briefly;

2. interpret the meaning;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

題目：

Where are we going?

A boat docked in a tiny Mexican village. An American tourist complimented the Mexican fisherman on the quality of his fish and asked how long it took him to catch them. “Not very long,” answered the Mexican.

“But then, why didn?t you stay out longer and catch more?” asked the American.

The Mexican explained that his small catch was sufficient to meet his needs and those of his family.

The American asked, “But what do you do with the rest of your time?”

“I sleep late, fish a little, play with my children, and take a siesta with my wife. In the evenings, I go into the village to see my friends, play the guitar, and sing a few songs...I have a full life.”

The American interrupted, “I have an MBA from Harvard and I can help you! You should start by fishing longer every day. You can then sell the extra fish you catch. With the extra revenue, you can buy a bigger boat. With the extra money the larger boat will bring, you can buy a second one and a third one and so on until you have an entire fleet of trawlers. Instead of selling your fish to a middle man, you can negotiate directly with the processing plants and maybe even open your own plant. You can then leave this little village and move to Mexico City, Los Angeles, or even New York City! From there you can direct your huge enterprise.”

“How long would that take?” asked the Mexican. “Twenty, perhaps twenty?five years,” replied the American. “And after that?”

“Afterwards? That?s when it gets really interesting,” answered the American, laughing. “When your business gets really big, you can start selling stocks and make millions!”

“Millions? Really? And after that?”

“After that you?ll be able to retire, live in a tiny village near the coast, sleep late, play with your children, catch a few fish, take a siesta, and spend your evenings enjoying your friends!”

審題：

在本書的大作文中，我們不僅為大家提供了圖畫題和圖表題，還提供了一些比較特殊的題目，比如這篇看文章寫作。我們這樣做，不僅因?yàn)閲?guó)外考試中有類似的形式，更重要的是想拓寬大家的視野，提高大家的應(yīng)變能力。

該題目先給出了一篇極富哲理的三百余字的短文，而后提出了三點(diǎn)要求，簡(jiǎn)述該故事;闡釋其中含義;給出你的評(píng)論。這篇文章可以分成三段來寫：第一段是簡(jiǎn)要地重述該故事;第二段闡釋含義并作出評(píng)論;最后一段是結(jié)語(yǔ)。

Sample:

In the above story, an American tourist wishes to turn a Mexican fisherman into a millionaire so that the latter can enjoy a happy life. The fisherman simply turns him down because he has been living that kind of happy life now.

This story makes every one of us look at the ultimate question of happiness closer and deeper. Do we need to tell others how to be happy? Is getting rich the only way to be a happy person? Does earning a lot of money surely bring an intense feeling of happiness? Happiness is a largely related with individual perception, and there is definitely no need for us to reshape others’ lives in the name of bringing them happiness. Furthermore, becoming rich does not necessarily bring happiness, if we cannot control ourselves to spend money in the right way. Finally, to travel happily and hopefully is equal to and even better than to arrive. It is not wise at all to sacrifice youth, health or today’s happiness just for a bright future in our dreams.

Happiness is a feeling. We go a thousand miles and spend many years to pursue what we actually can grasp today. Around us there are too many people who are busy all day, and those who are smart enough to enjoy life are always few.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

這篇文章分為三段。第一段寫得非常簡(jiǎn)潔，這一段很能體現(xiàn)出我們總結(jié)概括的能力。該段只有兩句話，突出描寫了美國(guó)人的意圖和墨西哥漁民截然相反的態(tài)度。

第二段是核心段落。第一句直接點(diǎn)出了該文討論的主題：幸福。而后三句話連續(xù)三個(gè)問題，對(duì)文中以美國(guó)人為代表的一大批人的觀點(diǎn)表示質(zhì)疑。后四句給出回答：第五句說幸福與個(gè)人的感覺相關(guān);第六句說變得富有不一定能帶來幸福;第七、八句最耐人尋味：快樂地、充滿希望地旅行甚至比到達(dá)更好，為了夢(mèng)想中的光明未來而犧牲自己的青春、健康或今天的幸福是不明智的。其中第七句暗引了蘇格蘭作家Robert Louis Stevenson的名句：To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive.

最后一段做結(jié)：幸福是一種感覺。我們跨越千里，等待多年所追逐的其實(shí)就在身邊。匆匆忙忙的人總是太多，能享受生活的人卻寥寥無幾啊。

心得：

如果提綱中給出的要求是闡釋含義并給出評(píng)論，這類文章是比較難寫的。這篇文章大家一定要細(xì)細(xì)琢磨，領(lǐng)悟其中的深刻含義。

Direction 22

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. draw your conclusion.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

《井干方知水可貴》該圖畫以簡(jiǎn)潔的筆觸說明了深刻的道理，這類文章考察的可能性是相當(dāng)大的。

Sample:

The picture focuses on a person standing by a well. Looking at the empty barrel at hand, he sighs, “My God, there is no water at all. I should not have wasted it.”

We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. Similarly, we never realize the worth of the best things in life until they are lost. When we are young, some of us bear a destination in mind and try to reach it at all costs. In the due process, we either lose health or our friends—even if we reach that destination at last, will we be happy? Others always think God is not fair to them—they are so frustrated that they can not accumulate the courage to change their lives for the better. When youth becomes history, their world will be even colder and more hopeless.

Many of the best things in the world are just in our own hands. It is certainly not easy to realize this point, and even more difficult to cherish them to the uttermost. If we realize the value of youth, health and friends, we will be among the happiest persons of the world.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

這篇文章的布局相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單，共分三段。第一段描述圖畫。第二段闡釋含義，也就是說明其中蘊(yùn)涵的深刻道理。第三段下結(jié)論。

第一段非常簡(jiǎn)潔。第二段共有六句話，第一句話一針見血，非常關(guān)鍵。第二句是類推，頗具哲理。第三句和第四句說我們?cè)谙蛑繕?biāo)奮進(jìn)的過程中常常失去了寶貴的東西，如健康、朋友。第五句話說有些人慨嘆命運(yùn)的不公。第六句話說當(dāng)青春失去時(shí)，世界將變得冰冷無望。第三段是結(jié)語(yǔ)，共分三句話。首先說世上許多最好的東西實(shí)際上就在我們手中;然后說理解到這點(diǎn)是不容易的，而做到就更不容易了;最后說如果我們意識(shí)到了青春、健康和朋友的價(jià)值，我們就是最幸福的人了。

心得：

看到這副圖畫，關(guān)鍵是建立表面的含義和隱藏深刻的含義之間的聯(lián)系。“井干方知水可貴”可推衍至人生中可貴的東西，如青春、健康和友情等。如果平時(shí)多思考、多寫作，考試時(shí)即使遇到不同的題目，也能快速反應(yīng)，找到正確的應(yīng)對(duì)方法。

這篇文章的重要特點(diǎn)就是列舉，將具體圖畫與抽象的人生中可貴的東西建立類比聯(lián)系之后，一定要舉出具體的有代表性的這類可貴的事物。第二段分兩個(gè)方面來說，先說了健康與朋友，后說了青春。第三段中一定要與第二段中直接呼應(yīng)，將這三者再列舉一次才能取得理想的效果。p副標(biāo)題e

Direction 23

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題的出題方式我們已遇到多次了，是“描述圖畫+闡釋含義+作出評(píng)論”的模式，這種模式在寫作中的靈活程度比較大。

Sample:

In the picture, a young man asks an old man, “What can be got without pains in this world?” The old man replies, “There is only one thing: poverty.”

Looking at the drawing, I think a lot. It tells us that we have to make strenuous efforts whenever we want to be successful in a particular field. How can a person achieve his ultimate goal without long?time practices and continuous attempts?

A good case in point is mountaineering. Nobody is born a good mountain climber, and one can only become a skilled one after countless injuries. The scenery at the mountaintop is fantastic, but the road to the summit is always rough and full of hardships and dangers. Isn’t scientific research the same? Countless sleepless nights, thousands of failures and even more—all of these are part of a scientist’s life. Only a few of them can make great scientific breakthroughs, and all of these people are the most persevering.

On the contrary, if a person is determined to live an idle life, and wait for God to put something in his hands, then that thing should and could only be poverty. If a person has neither ideal nor the determination to live better and let others live better, his existence is not meaningful at all.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

這篇文章共分四段：首段是描述圖畫;次段是總結(jié)寓意;第三段是舉例說明;第四段是下結(jié)論。該文最引人注目之處是第三個(gè)段落，整段舉了兩個(gè)例子。我們?cè)诙嗄甑目佳虚喚碇邪l(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)同學(xué)的舉例是不成功的。舉例子要具備兩個(gè)條件才能成功，一是典型——既要緊扣主題，又要具有代表性，能夠震撼人心，切忌不痛不癢;二是精練——用簡(jiǎn)潔的話語(yǔ)表達(dá)深刻的意義，切忌拖泥帶水。本文第三段在這點(diǎn)上很值得學(xué)習(xí)。

文章第一段非常簡(jiǎn)潔。第二段的首句是過渡性的句子，次句直接對(duì)圖畫的意義做出總結(jié)——無論我們想在哪個(gè)領(lǐng)域獲得成功，都必須付出艱辛的努力。接著采用了語(yǔ)氣非常強(qiáng)烈的反問句——沒有長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的實(shí)踐和不斷的努力，一個(gè)人又怎能實(shí)現(xiàn)最終的目標(biāo)?第三段包括了兩個(gè)例子，一個(gè)是登山，一個(gè)是科學(xué)研究。第四段是結(jié)尾段落，首先與第三段是相對(duì)的，其次又呼應(yīng)了文章的首段，非常精妙。該段共有兩句話，第一句話說如果一個(gè)人下定決心要過閑散的生活，等著上天在他手中放上某樣?xùn)|西，那么這樣?xùn)|西就只能是貧窮。第二句話進(jìn)一步說，如果一個(gè)人既沒有理想也沒有決心讓自己和別人過得更好，那么他的存在就失去了意義。第二句話與第一句采用了同樣的句式，語(yǔ)氣卻更加強(qiáng)烈，給人留下了很深刻的印象。該段第一句話中的should and could be...是一個(gè)高級(jí)用法，意思是“將會(huì)是而且只能是”。

心得：

我們重點(diǎn)來看一下舉例的段落，即第三段。該段共有六句話。第一句話引出了登山。第二句話是一個(gè)經(jīng)典句子，沒有人生來就是一個(gè)好的登山者，一個(gè)人只有在無數(shù)傷痛后才能成長(zhǎng)起來——該句的內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系非常強(qiáng)。第三句話說山頂?shù)娘L(fēng)光綺麗，但通往頂點(diǎn)的路卻充滿艱辛(句中有平行名詞的用法)。第四句話采用反問句巧妙過渡到科學(xué)研究上來。第五句先用平行的名詞詞組，而后在破折號(hào)后寫道“所有這些都是科學(xué)家生活的一部分”相當(dāng)獨(dú)特。注意句中part一定不要加冠詞。最后一句寫道，他們中只有一小部分人能取得重大的科學(xué)突破，而這些人又都是最堅(jiān)忍之人。

請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)學(xué)習(xí)這一段落。一是該段的構(gòu)建方法，看句子與句子是怎樣有機(jī)結(jié)合，層層推進(jìn)，構(gòu)成一個(gè)理想的段落的。二是學(xué)習(xí)本段的舉例方法。例子是用來說明道理的，如果能說到點(diǎn)子上，說得透徹，就一定能服人。

Direction 24

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

《踢皮球》圖畫題最常見的有兩種情況，一是寫世間的哲理，一是寫常見的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)問題，這里是后一種情形。簡(jiǎn)單的圖畫，深刻的寓意——這是當(dāng)前圖畫題最主要的趨勢(shì)之一。

拿到這個(gè)題目后，我們認(rèn)為它和其它的一些題目反映的情況不盡相同——隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，顧客被生產(chǎn)者和銷售商推來搡去的現(xiàn)象已大有改觀，所以我們可以這樣來安排全文——首段描述圖畫，次段以自身感受為基礎(chǔ)，描述過去的這種情形，第三段寫現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)大為改善的情況，末段下結(jié)論。

Sample:

The picture describes a match of kicking the ball: the person on the left has just kicked the ball toward the person on the right, who has already been ready to kick the ball back. A close examination will help us find out that this is a match between the producer and the seller—both of them refuse to take on the responsibility whenever the customer reports a problem.

We can’t forget those days in the past when we went shopping. The shop assistant was so cold and indifferent that we usually had to wait for long. We often had no right of comparing and selecting. Later when we found there was something wrong with the product, the chance of getting it exchanged was slim, not to mention returning it to the shop. The shop always said the producer was to blame, and if we went to the producer directly, the latter would say that it was not common practice for a customer to contact the producer. Even if we finally succeeded in exchanging the product, it always took too much time and wasted too much energy.

In the present environment of market economy, we are happy to see that the situation in our nation has improved significantly. When a customer is not satisfied with a product, he is entitled to return it to the store and get refunded during a certain period of time. If that time limit has passed, the customer still has the right to get the product exchanged.

In this era of fast economic development, both the producer and the seller should first cater to the needs of the customer. Anyone who fails to do so will be driven out of the market sooner or later.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

首段先寫看到一場(chǎng)足球比賽，而后仔細(xì)一看，原來是生產(chǎn)者和銷售商在產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量出現(xiàn)問題時(shí)將消費(fèi)者推來搡去。

第二段用六句話描述我們?cè)?jīng)有過的痛苦的經(jīng)歷。第一句話是個(gè)引子。第二、三句描寫購(gòu)物時(shí)不愉快的經(jīng)歷。第四句說發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問題后，要換非常麻煩，更用不著說是退了。第五句話生動(dòng)地再現(xiàn)了銷售者和生產(chǎn)商都拒絕負(fù)責(zé)的情形。末句說即使最后商品得以調(diào)換，也花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間和精力——話語(yǔ)中充滿了無奈。

第三段說現(xiàn)在的情況已大幅改善。顧客有權(quán)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)退貨，如果期限已過，也可以換貨。段中be entitled to表示“有權(quán)利做某事”，refund表示“退款”。

末段總結(jié)。第一句說在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的時(shí)期，生產(chǎn)商和銷售商都應(yīng)把顧客的需求放在首位。第二句反過來說，任何做不到的人都遲早會(huì)被市場(chǎng)淘汰。

心得：

首段由遠(yuǎn)及近的寫法非常有效。第二段以時(shí)間為線索，描述了過去不愉快的經(jīng)歷。這一段以時(shí)間為線索，所以即使句子較多，也絲毫不顯得凌亂。第三段說明了現(xiàn)在的情形，與第二段形成鮮明的對(duì)比。末段正說加反說的辦法很有說服力。

Direction 25

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

該圖畫描寫的是一個(gè)敏感的社會(huì)問題——平價(jià)藥店受到各方遏制的現(xiàn)象。這篇文章的難度比較高。在描述圖畫后，可分三段來寫：先寫藥價(jià)偏高的現(xiàn)象，再寫平價(jià)藥店的崛起及受到的壓制，最后寫解決辦法。

Sample:

We can see from the picture that several people are condemning a person so violently that it seems that some of them even want to beat him hard. The person has crouched down, with virtually no possibility of striking back. After looking at the picture carefully, we realize that the low?price drugstore has evoked anger and even hatred in many drug factories, various dealers, traditional drugstores and hospitals.

As we all know, the price of drugs in our nation has been too high for quite a long time. After drugs are produced in factories, they go first to the chief dealer, then the subsidiary dealer, and then finally to the hospitals and drugstores. Such a traditional mode of drug circulation drove the total medical expenses higher, putting a heavy burden on urban and rural residents alike.

The rise of low?price drugstores changes the situation completely. When drugs succeed in flowing to such drugstores immediately after production, the cost of management becomes much lower, thus selling drugs at a much lower and reasonable price also becomes possible. But such operation irritates many parties who feel that their interests have been hurt in the process. Among them are dealers, traditional drugstores, hospitals and even some factories. When all of them combine to oppose the newcomers, the existence of these new drugstores is at risk.

I believe that the government should endeavor first to foster such drugstores and then to reform the drug circulation and the medical system as a whole. When we give priority to the interests of the common people, the making of a harmonious society will not be difficult.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該文共分四段。第一段還是采用先描寫圖畫表層表現(xiàn)的打斗場(chǎng)面，而后再進(jìn)一步引出本文的主題——新生的平價(jià)藥店受到各方打壓。

第二段寫了藥價(jià)過高的現(xiàn)象及其原因。主要原因就是藥店流通環(huán)節(jié)過多，層層加價(jià)，給居民帶來了巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。

第三段先寫了平價(jià)藥店的誕生改變了當(dāng)前的局面。之后寫了它們激怒了利益受損的各方，其中有銷售商、傳統(tǒng)藥店、醫(yī)院和一些藥廠。當(dāng)它們?nèi)浩鸸ブ畷r(shí)，新的平價(jià)藥店的生存就受到了威脅。

第四段寫政府應(yīng)當(dāng)扶植這些平價(jià)藥店，并改革藥品流通和整個(gè)醫(yī)療體系。最后進(jìn)一步說，當(dāng)我們首先考慮普通大眾的利益時(shí)，和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建就不是難事了。

心得：

這篇文章涉及的話題比較難寫，我們?nèi)绻麑?duì)此問題并不是非常熟悉，就不必深入去寫，因?yàn)榭疾斓闹攸c(diǎn)是語(yǔ)言，這一點(diǎn)大家切記。

下面來看一些重點(diǎn)的詞和詞組。

首段首句中的condemn意即“聲討”。次句中的crouch表示“蜷縮”。第三句中的evoke表示“激起”。

第二段中的drug circulation意思是“藥品流通”。

第三段第二句中flow的意思是“流通”，the cost of management表示“管理成本”。第三句中的irritate表示“激怒”。末句的at risk表示“受到威脅”。

末段首句的endeavor表示“努力”，后接不定式。次句中的give priority to表示“優(yōu)先考慮”，harmonious society表示“和諧社會(huì)”。

免費(fèi)考研網(wǎng)www.freekaoyan.com

Directions 16

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning;

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

該文的圖畫畫了兩個(gè)人望樓興嘆，很明顯該文談的是我國(guó)當(dāng)前的房?jī)r(jià)過高、房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)如何良性發(fā)展的問題。

Sample:

In the picture, two people are talking about a newly built set of apartment buildings. One says, “It is too expensive.” The other goes on to say, “How can we afford it?” It is obvious that the drawer of this picture wants to draw our attention towards our real estate industry.

Nowadays, our real estate industry has experienced such an unprecedented boom that all of us begin to consider it as too hot in one way or another. The average price has been soaring for quite a few years. In some big cities it seems to be out of control—it has been nearly impossible for the common local citizens to afford a satisfactory apartment in the downtown area. Consequently, how to create a healthier and more reasonable property market has been a problem of great importance.

Among all the possible measures, I believe the following ones are the most appropriate. In the first place, the legislators should establish a series of policies so as to curb speculation and thus keep the price of houses at a reasonable level. In the second place, the governments at all levels should make better use of the limited land resources by building theme communities in the suburbs. Last but by no means the least, more economically affordable housing should be built so as to relieve the burden of common citizens.

Only through the joint efforts of all sides can we realize the healthy development of our housing market. Until that time, our people will surely possess their own houses and enjoy a better and more harmonious life.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該文分為四段來寫。第一段先描寫兩個(gè)人的對(duì)話。之后末句引到主題上，即我國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)。

第二段先寫當(dāng)前房地產(chǎn)過熱，而后說價(jià)格猛漲。在某些大城市里房?jī)r(jià)似乎失控——人們無力購(gòu)房。末句寫創(chuàng)造健康理性的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)成為了重要問題。

第三段分三點(diǎn)來寫應(yīng)采取的措施。

最后一段做結(jié)，第一句承上段說只有各方通力合作才能實(shí)現(xiàn)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的健康發(fā)展。第二句說到那個(gè)時(shí)候，人們將能擁有自己的房屋并享受更好更和諧的生活。這一句是呼應(yīng)第一段，非常重要。

心得：

文中real estate industry是“房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)”，而property market和housing market指的是房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)。

首段末句是引出主題的句子，請(qǐng)大家用心識(shí)記。

第二段首句是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。第三句有破折號(hào)的用法。第四句中有平行的形容詞比較級(jí)的用法，相當(dāng)精彩。

第三段首句是模板句。第二句中的curb speculation表示“遏制投機(jī)”。第三句中的theme communities表示“主題社區(qū)”。第四句中的economically affordable housing表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房”。

末段首句是倒裝句，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。第二句有兩處平行結(jié)構(gòu)，先有平行的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，后有形容詞比較級(jí)的平行，非常引人注目，特別是后面一對(duì)，一個(gè)是以er結(jié)尾，一個(gè)是加more，顯得錯(cuò)落有致。

Directions 17

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題目比較特殊——圖畫上沒有對(duì)話，只有一個(gè)忘情彈奏的人，下面有一句極富哲理的話。而提綱中的第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)分別是闡釋含義和作出評(píng)論，而不是具體的指令，這樣寫來難度更大，自由度也更大。

Sample:

As can be seen from the picture, a person is playing the piano—he is so much immersed in the beautiful music that he seems to forget completely what is going on around him. The Chinese characters below the picture say: Writing is like playing the piano—first you must learn to play by the rules, then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. What significant and thought?provoking words they are!

To me, writing is a life?long endeavor: it is often hard and frustrating at the beginning, but it often becomes enjoyable and fruitful as time goes by. First, you have to learn the fundamental knowledge and acquire the simple skills, just as you must know the keys on a piano before you can really produce a whole piece of music. Afterwards, I believe there should a prolonged period of practice, largely characterized by recitation, analysis and imitation. This is the period when we fully understand and deeply appreciate the beauty and excellence of masterpieces. This is also the period when we apply the particular skills of manipulating words, fabricating sentences and creating paragraphs by imitating great writers directly. Finally, when all of this is done, one day we will suddenly forget all those rules and regulations—like a bird flying freely in the sky, we begin to take on our own styles. We can eventually express our ideas, feelings and emotions smoothly—like beautiful notes, words spring out from our hearts one after another, until they merge into a stream or even a river. At that time, we can be sure to say that we begin to understand what writing is.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

這篇文章寫成了兩段而不是三段，是非常特殊的。如果提綱中的第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)分別是給出原因和解決辦法，就不能這么寫。

第一段分別描述了忘情彈奏的人和圖下面的一句話，而后末句用了一個(gè)感嘆句。

第二段是關(guān)鍵段落。首先是總結(jié)性的話語(yǔ)。而后以時(shí)間為線索分三個(gè)階段來寫。第一個(gè)階段只有一句話，用了類比法：你得先學(xué)會(huì)寫作的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和簡(jiǎn)單技能，就象認(rèn)識(shí)鋼琴上的鍵一樣。第二個(gè)階段有三句話，先說這個(gè)階段是以背誦、分析和模仿為特征的一般較長(zhǎng)的練習(xí)時(shí)期。而后兩句話作進(jìn)一步說明，這兩句話是平行的：這是我們能夠完全理解和欣賞經(jīng)典杰作之美的時(shí)期，也是我們通過直接模仿大作家來應(yīng)用具體的詞、句、段的技能的時(shí)期。第三個(gè)階段共有三句話。首先說當(dāng)所有這些都完成之后，我們有一天會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忘記了所有的規(guī)則——就象一只自由飛翔的鳥兒，我們開始有了自己的風(fēng)格。而后說我們終于能夠自由地表達(dá)思想和情感——就象美妙的樂章一樣，詞從我們的心中噴涌而出，直到匯成小溪或河流。最后一句說，直到那時(shí)，我們知道我們開始理解寫作了。最后這句結(jié)語(yǔ)舉重若輕，效果卻很強(qiáng)烈，就象米開朗基羅彌留之際說的自己開始懂得一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)繪畫了一樣，看似平淡，卻非常具有震撼力。

心得：

一般說來，哲理性的文章是相當(dāng)有難度的。本文是一篇以類比來表達(dá)深刻道理的文章，這就需要大家先弄清一對(duì)事物之間的類比關(guān)系，體會(huì)其中的妙處，再一步步地深入細(xì)致地進(jìn)行描述，這是不容易的。請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)研讀范文，必能在這方面有所收獲。

在行文中，不斷地體現(xiàn)開始的這種類比關(guān)系，能使主題進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。這在第二段的第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)時(shí)期均有明顯的體現(xiàn)。

Direction18

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. list the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization;

3. draw your conclusion.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

由于提綱清晰，這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)易于把握：先描述圖畫，之后分兩段來說城市化的利與弊，最后下結(jié)論。

Sample:

In the picture, we see a newly emerging community: there are supermarkets, schools, banks and hospitals. A resident tells us, “Eight years ago it was still the countryside.” The history of reform and opening?up is the history of rapid economic development; it is also the history of large?scale urbanization of our nation.

I firmly believe that the advantages of urbanization are many. First, when more and more people flood into cities, the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and many people move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to future city development as a whole. Second, it provides more development opportunities for big cities. With more and more people coming to the city, urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward.

Urbanization may also bring a series of unfavorable consequences. First, the farmland in the country is shrinking. Second, sometimes, the rural land, rivers and air are polluted. When more and more new factories are set up, the surrounding environment is likely to decay. In my mind, it is not necessarily the result. Finally, the young people who still practice farming are becoming fewer and fewer. Some of them go to big cities to pursue a better life. Some of them stay at home, but begin to do business or work in local factories.

All in all, urbanization brings more benefits than problems. The present society is experiencing great changes—what we should be sure is that we strike a balance between economical development and environmental protection.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

在提綱中出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞，是少見的，我們一定要抓住這里的重要信息。這里的urbanization即是文章討論的主題。

文章共分四段。首段在描述圖畫后做了小結(jié)，巧妙引入本文主題——城市化。第二段與第三段分別談?wù)摮鞘谢睦捅住５诙瘟信e了城市化的兩個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。第三段寫了城市化的三個(gè)缺點(diǎn)。第四段下結(jié)論——城市化的利大于弊。

心得：

該文結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，解決了結(jié)構(gòu)問題后，我們就應(yīng)該在語(yǔ)言上面多下功夫。

首段末句使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)與分號(hào)引出本文主題——城市化，非常引人注目。次段第一點(diǎn)中的move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs這一詞組是同一動(dòng)詞接不同地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的情形。第二點(diǎn)中的With more and more people coming to the city是介詞引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。第三段第一點(diǎn)中的shrink表示縮減，用在這里很妥當(dāng)。第二點(diǎn)中的decay表示“變壞”。第三點(diǎn)中的pursue表示“追求”。末段的第二句中有破折號(hào)的用法。

Direction 19

Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the table;

2. give possible reasons for the change;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

年份 1999

我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)人數(shù)(萬人) 575 595 681 770

我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率(%) 3.1 3.1 3.6 4.0

審題：

這是一道圖表題。在考研的大作文中，近年來出現(xiàn)幾率最大的是圖畫題，而圖表題出現(xiàn)的幾率就要小一些。與圖畫題相似，圖表題的首段總是要描述圖表。按照這篇文章的提綱，第二段應(yīng)寫成描寫原因的段落。第三點(diǎn)提綱是給出評(píng)論，對(duì)于社會(huì)問題類的情形，一般寫作解決問題的辦法。最后可有一段做結(jié)。

Sample:

As can be seen from the table, the number of registered unemployed persons in urban areas of our nation has increased from 5.75 million in 1999 to 7.7 million in . Accordingly, the registered unemployment rate in urban areas has jumped from 3.1 percent to 4 percent during the same period.

In my mind, the reasons why the unemployment rate of our nation has been on the rise are as follows. First of all, under market economy, private factories and foreign companies take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost—in the due process, cutting the number of employees is always a choice. Furthermore, state?owned enterprises also have been undergoing fundamental changes. The traditional mode of high employment, low salary has largely been reformed to keep pace with the economic take?off. In such a transformation period, some of them fail to meet the needs of the market, and finally go bankrupt, leaving many more people jobless.

To successfully cope with the present problem, several measures should be taken. On the one hand, the government should create more job opportunities by gradually optimizing the industrial structure. On the other hand, the employees should seize every chance to improve personal skills. With higher expertise, they are able to stand up to the challenges of a new job.

Such problems are largely the natural result of the rapid economic development initiated by the reform and opening?up policy. When all of us have the courage to face the challenge and the determination to adapt to the change, a sound solution will not be far away.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

本文分為四段。第一段描述圖表非常簡(jiǎn)潔，將頭尾趨勢(shì)描述了出來，每個(gè)變量的數(shù)據(jù)超過三個(gè)，所以不必一一描述。

第二段是描述原因的段落，首句是模板句。第一點(diǎn)中的take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost表示“率先提高效率、降低成本”。第二點(diǎn)分三句話，第一句中的state?owned enterprises表示“國(guó)有企業(yè)”，undergo fundamental changes表示“經(jīng)歷了根本的變化”。第二句中的the traditional mode of high employment, low salary表示“高就業(yè)率、低工資的傳統(tǒng)模式”，the economic take?off表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛”。第三句中的go bankrupt表示“破產(chǎn)”。

心得：

圖表題出現(xiàn)得較少，變化也比圖畫題少一些。我們應(yīng)首先熟悉圖表中對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)變化的描述，而后對(duì)全文段落的安排做到心中有數(shù)。

Direction 20

Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the table;

2. interpret the trend;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

指標(biāo)名稱 1989 1997

每萬人口醫(yī)院床位數(shù)(張) 22.8 23.5 23.2

每萬人口醫(yī)生數(shù)(人) 15.2 16.1 14.7

人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出(元) 76.7 186.4 442.5

審題：

審題包括兩個(gè)部分，一個(gè)是讀圖畫或圖表，一個(gè)是看提綱。成功的審題就是將兩者有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來，確定文章的最終布局。這道題還是屬于圖表題中的表格題，比較特殊。表格中共有三個(gè)變量，應(yīng)該看出來有一個(gè)變量，即人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出是大幅增長(zhǎng)的，而另兩個(gè)變量，即每萬人口醫(yī)院床位數(shù)和每萬人口醫(yī)生數(shù)，是基本未變的。第一段的工作就是描述這兩個(gè)趨勢(shì)。第二段中闡釋這一趨勢(shì)，就是要重點(diǎn)突出這一對(duì)比。第三段做出評(píng)論，對(duì)于一種不能令人滿意的現(xiàn)狀甚至令人擔(dān)憂的社會(huì)問題，大多數(shù)時(shí)候最好的選擇就是寫改進(jìn)或解決問題的辦法了。

Sample:

From the table we can see clearly that total medical expenses per capita rose from 76.5 yuan in 1989 to 186.4 yuan in 1997 and then to 442.5 yuan in . In the same period, the number of hospital beds every 10,000 people and the number of doctors every 10,000 people stayed at almost the same level.

This table illustrates clearly the discrepancy between the soaring medical expenses and the unsatisfactory hospital facilities. On the one hand, the money spent on medical care has climbed sharply in the past decade. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the medical expense has soared to 7.3 percent of the total expenses of urban residents, and 6.0 of that of rural residents in . On the other hand, the limited scale of hospitals cannot meet the needs of our people. It is true that we have more advanced medical instruments, but the numbers of beds and doctors have changed little over the last decade. We all know that timely medical operation is extremely important in many cases, but how can we ensure it without finding a bed first?

To improve the present situation we have a long way to go. In the first place, we have to standardize medical practices, regulate the drug circulation and perfect the medical care system to bring down the medical expenses. In the second place, we should build more first?class hospitals, expand the scale of present hospitals and turn out more medical talents. If all of these can be accomplished our people will surely receive better medical care and live a happier life.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

本文共分三段。第一段兩句話，第一句話以常見的句型From the table we can see clearly that開始，描寫了人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出逐年攀升的事實(shí)。而第二句以In the same period強(qiáng)勢(shì)開頭，描述了其它兩個(gè)變量基本不變(stay at almost the same level)的情形，概括性很強(qiáng)。

第二段首句對(duì)上面的數(shù)字變化進(jìn)行總結(jié)，突出了discrepancy(差異)一詞，一方面是高漲(soar)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，另一方面是不能令人滿意的醫(yī)院設(shè)施，而后分兩方面來說。第一方面分兩句話，先說醫(yī)療費(fèi)用劇烈攀升。而后舉出國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)字，是醫(yī)療費(fèi)用占城市和農(nóng)村居民支出的百分比，很有說服力。如果我們沒有確鑿的數(shù)據(jù)，就不要這樣寫，切忌胡編亂造。另一方面的描述共分三句話，先說醫(yī)院有限的規(guī)模無法滿足人民的需求。第二句相當(dāng)于although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但是語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)一些——我們雖然醫(yī)療器械有所改進(jìn)，但床位數(shù)和醫(yī)生數(shù)無甚改觀。最后一句話說我們都知道及時(shí)的手術(shù)很重要，可如果連床位都沒有怎能保證手術(shù)呢?

第三段寫改進(jìn)的辦法。首句是總括句，說我們?nèi)沃氐肋h(yuǎn)，而后分兩方面來說。第一方面是說采取措施(規(guī)范醫(yī)療操作、調(diào)控藥品流通和優(yōu)化醫(yī)療保健體系)來降低醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。第二方面是說通過建立更多的一流醫(yī)院、擴(kuò)充現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院的規(guī)模和培養(yǎng)更多的醫(yī)學(xué)人才來解決當(dāng)前的矛盾。最后一句是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果所有這些都能實(shí)現(xiàn)，我們的人民一定能接受更好的醫(yī)療保健，過上更幸福的生活。

心得：

要想寫好一篇文章，首先是審題——對(duì)圖表(圖畫)和提綱所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)境的把握一定要準(zhǔn)確。其次是具體到段落，在遣詞造句上一定要考究，要多下功夫。平時(shí)多積累，多寫作是很重要的，因?yàn)槟軌虺蔀榭碱}的潛在主題不超過兩百個(gè)，很多詞、詞組與句型出現(xiàn)的幾率更要高得多，所以平時(shí)的積累和操練至關(guān)重要。

免費(fèi)考研網(wǎng)www.freekaoyan.com

Directions 11

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the two pictures,

2. give the reasons of such a phenomenon, and

3. list possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)很典型，而選擇的寫法卻很特殊——我們選擇兼顧圖畫所體現(xiàn)的兩方面的問題，即自私和違反規(guī)則兩個(gè)方面。如果第一段這樣來點(diǎn)明，那么第二段和第三段均應(yīng)這樣展開，使文章形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。

Sample:

In the first picture, two persons are talking loudly in the library as if they were the only persons there. In the second picture, a man is talking happily on the phone in the cinema, while a film is on. From these two pictures, we come across such people who are so selfish as to always think of themselves instead of others on the one hand, and who are so bold as to defy those rules and regulations on the other hand.

Why do they behave in this way? On the one hand, they are brought up in such a way as to take their own interests into consideration whenever anything arises. This may not be the original purpose of parents and teachers, but this is largely the result of today’s education. Children learn from what adults do, not what they say. Years of teaching in class and family may tell them how to do, but hours of real?life practice may be more influential. On the other hand, they are brought up in such a way as not to take rules and regulations seriously. In their belief, rules and regulations only restrain those silly people, and the violation of them can be both exciting and admirable.

To solve this problem, all of us have a long way to go. First, teachers and parents should act in such a way to teach young children to always take others into consideration whenever they take action. Second, the authorities should severely punish anyone who violates rules and regulations. To protect the rights of more people, such punishment is more than necessary.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

第一段先用兩句話描述兩幅圖畫，而后用一句話做總結(jié)，用on the one hand和on the other hand將問題的兩個(gè)方面清晰地表達(dá)了出來。

第二段的首句沒有使用傳統(tǒng)的表示原因的模板句，如The reasons for this phenomenon are twofold / threefold.而是用了一個(gè)設(shè)問句，使行文顯得生動(dòng)活潑。之后分兩個(gè)方面來說明為何他們會(huì)自私和不遵守規(guī)則。

第三段首句是典型的辦法類的模板句。而后分兩方面來說解決問題的辦法，與第一段、第二段嚴(yán)格對(duì)應(yīng)。

心得：

這篇文章給我們留下的最大的印象就是前后呼應(yīng)，三段采用了同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣讀來自然覺得流暢。

就句子寫作而言，內(nèi)部突出對(duì)比的句子總是給人留下深刻的印象，下面我們就以第二段的第一點(diǎn)為例來說明。這一點(diǎn)分四句話，后三句都屬于句內(nèi)表示對(duì)比的情形。第二句話一針見血——這不一定是父母和老師的初衷，但卻是今天教育的結(jié)果。大家自然要想，為何結(jié)果偏離了初衷呢?下面接著說，孩子們學(xué)的是大人的做法，而不是說法。這句話簡(jiǎn)練、深刻。下面一句最為精彩，多年的學(xué)校和家庭教育告訴他們?nèi)绾稳プ觯鴶?shù)小時(shí)的實(shí)踐可能更加有影響力。這明確地說明，只有投入了真實(shí)的生活之中，孩子們才能真正有所體會(huì)，才能真正成長(zhǎng)。沒有真實(shí)生活的洗禮，孩子們又怎能了解人生的真理，怎能為他人考慮呢?

好的句子是深入思索(思想方面)和不斷練習(xí)(語(yǔ)言方面)相結(jié)合的結(jié)果，只要我們不懈努力，總有達(dá)到“何意百煉鋼，化為繞指柔”的那一天。

Directions 12

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. make your comment on this phenomenon.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章配的圖很簡(jiǎn)單，而意義卻是深刻的。提綱的第二部分和第三部分分別是闡釋含義和做出評(píng)論，我們可以分成三塊來寫：提出問題——從兩方面分析——下結(jié)論。這樣文章包含開始描述圖畫的部分就有了四個(gè)部分。

筆記本電腦可以寫作laptop computer, portable computer, notebook computer, notebook PC，在文中應(yīng)替換使用。

Sample:

In the above picture a university student is phoning his mother, “In order to make progress in my study, I want to buy a laptop computer.”

Is a laptop computer indispensable? Does a laptop computer mean greater possibility of academic excellence? Does a student without a laptop computer have no chance of success? It is obvious that the drawer wants all of us to think deeply before providing the answer. To reach a reasonable conclusion, we should analyze this problem from two perspectives.

On the one hand, we cannot guarantee that the student will use the portable computer solely for study?related purposes. Most of them have not lived independently, so they do not know how hard it is to make a living. Once they have the computer at hand, those students who lack selfcontrol may be indulged in computer games or online chatting, which will waste their time and affect their health.

On the other hand, a student without a notebook computer can also be a top student. Sometimes students do need computers to finish assignments, and the computer rooms on campus can often meet that purpose. For those students whose majors call for frequent use of computers, they also can buy the desktop one, which is much cheaper.

After careful consideration, we should say that the luxurious learning equipment such as a laptop computer is not necessary unless the parents can easily afford it and the student uses it only to facilitate his work and study.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

大家可能會(huì)問：出題人是讓我們就題論題寫筆記本電腦呢，還是推衍開去泛泛而論這樣的奢侈類學(xué)習(xí)用品呢?在這里我們寫成兩種情形都是可以的，范文中是先就筆記本電腦展開提問和思索，最后做結(jié)時(shí)用了“諸如筆記本電腦的奢侈型學(xué)習(xí)用品”的字眼。

文章共分五段。第一段描述圖畫，非常簡(jiǎn)潔。第二段連問了三個(gè)問題：筆記本電腦必不可少嗎?它一定會(huì)推動(dòng)學(xué)業(yè)進(jìn)步嗎?沒有就學(xué)不好嗎?第一個(gè)問題是核心，包含了后面兩個(gè)問題。之后的兩句話是過渡句，起承上啟下的作用。第三段和第四段分別回答上面的后兩個(gè)問題，均得到了否定的答案。而最后一段下結(jié)論直接呼應(yīng)了第一個(gè)問題——說明筆記本電腦不是必需的，只有同時(shí)符合兩個(gè)條件時(shí)，筆記本電腦才是有益的。

心得：

第二段的連續(xù)提問很有震撼力——為了能在考試中運(yùn)用出豐富多彩的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式，平時(shí)多積累、多練習(xí)是很關(guān)鍵的。

第三段是寫有了手提電腦后不一定會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。下面分兩句來寫，先寫原因，后寫結(jié)果。由于不知道賺錢的艱辛，所以缺乏自制力的學(xué)生很可能沉迷于電腦游戲或網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天。

第四段寫沒有手提電腦也可以成為優(yōu)等生。的確需要電腦時(shí)，可以去機(jī)房。個(gè)別確實(shí)需要常用電腦的學(xué)生，可以購(gòu)買便宜得多的臺(tái)式機(jī)。

最后一段非常精彩，說只有兩個(gè)條件齊備，象手提電腦這樣的學(xué)習(xí)用品才能發(fā)揮作用。這兩個(gè)條件就是家庭承受得起和學(xué)生將之用于學(xué)習(xí)與工作的目的。

文章中有許多優(yōu)秀的詞組與句型，下面以第三段為例，希望大家用心識(shí)記。該段第一句中的guarantee表示“保證”，use...solely for study?related purposes表示“只用于學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的目的”，是個(gè)很地道的表達(dá)方式。第二句比較難以表達(dá)，如果這樣寫就不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)：They have not earned money, so they do not know how hard it is to make a living.建議改作范文中的寫法，或者：Most of them have not lived on their own, so they do not know how hard it is to earn money.

寫作中的推敲琢磨很重要，我們一邊學(xué)習(xí)、模仿別人的文章，磨礪、比較自己的寫法，這樣就一定能獲得進(jìn)步。第三句使用了once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，使得時(shí)間接續(xù)非常緊密，而后使用at hand表示“得到”，非常精妙，遠(yuǎn)勝于普通的寫法：Once they have bought the computer, ...句中使用定語(yǔ)從句who lack self?control是嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶懛ǎ驗(yàn)椴⒉皇撬械膶W(xué)生都會(huì)沉湎于壞習(xí)慣中。后面的be indulged in表示“沉湎于”，句子最后使用了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，分兩個(gè)方面說明危害。

Directions 13

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon,and

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

我們拿到題目后，首先要分析圖畫和提綱所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)境。對(duì)于全體考生來說，一個(gè)圖畫可能有不止一種含義，不同的寫法都是可行的，都可能得高分，如考研作文“溫室里的花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨”就既可寫孩子教育問題，也可以寫入世后的部分中國(guó)企業(yè)的情況。但是對(duì)有些圖畫來說，有的理解就肯定是錯(cuò)誤的，如的考研，寫成老年人加強(qiáng)體育鍛煉的問題，就是不行的。對(duì)于大家來說，一定要加強(qiáng)審題的能力，平時(shí)多看多想，考試中就會(huì)水到渠成。

這篇文章分為三段。第一段是描述圖畫，第二段在引入主題后。

Sample:

In the above picture, a mother is seeing her son off at a railway station. It is most likely that the son is traveling by himself for the first time. We are most surprised to notice what the mother says: “My son, all of the people on the train are vicious, so be careful to protect yourself.”

Although this mother is radical to some extent, this picture reflects a worrying social problem—loss of social trust. Three reasons, in my belief, can account for the current phenomenon. First, when economy develops quickly and resources become more and more limited, social competition will become more and more fierce, and people will concentrate on the protection of personal interests. Second, the present education puts emphasis on knowledge and skills instead of morality and ethics. Last but not the least, sometimes the mass media play a negative role in focusing on the dark side of society, such as murder and robbery.

It is high time that we called on the efforts from all sides to solve this problem quickly and effectively. In the first place, teachers and parents should try their best to cultivate love, affection and unselfishness in the hearts of adolescents. In the second place, the government, with the help of the mass media, should play a dominant role in the making of a harmonious society. When every one of us participates in this campaign, the restoration of mutual trust will not be far away.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

這篇文章首段先描述圖畫，第二段開頭做了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性的工作——確定本文章的主題。這個(gè)主題是由圖畫所決定的，也是根據(jù)提綱展開文章的基礎(chǔ)。然后分三點(diǎn)來說明該問題的原因。第三段分兩點(diǎn)來說明解決問題的辦法。

心得：

文章沒有第四段，這主要是由于第三段的最后一句帶有結(jié)論性，是個(gè)非常成功的句子，亦可以寫成：

When every one of us participates in this campaign, the dream of the restoration of mutual trust will be realized in the near future.

Directions 14

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon,and

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

我們看了圖畫與提綱之后，對(duì)于這種文章的結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)非常熟悉了。文章分為四段來寫，描述圖畫——說明原因——提出解決辦法——下結(jié)論。

Sample:

In the above picture, a student has got 68 in an examination, but he asks the teacher to give him 80, for he wants to get the title of an excellent student. Looking at the picture, we can’t help thinking of the more and more serious phenomenon of students’ going to the teacher directly for higher grades.

Schools are places where students learn knowledge and acquire skills, but some students never devote themselves to such an arduous yet enjoyable process. When the examination season arrives, they are busy searching for various methods to get satisfactory grades. Some stay up late to memorize as much knowledge as possible. Some even cheat in examinations in order to win ideal marks. Others go directly to the teachers, begging them to let them pass. In extreme cases, some students tell the teachers directly that they need a certain mark for a certain purpose.

Such practices deprive national education of fairness and dignity. To prevent them from spreading, teachers should first of all take on their responsibilities. They should reject such students firmly and directly. If the students continue disturbing them with their unreasonable requests, the teachers should report to the school authorities. On this occasion, the school authorities should severely punish these students and those who help them in the efforts.

If young students are used to achieving personal goals through unjust methods, when can we stop worrying about their future?

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

文章的第一段，由于一句話就描述了圖表，所以第二句話可以對(duì)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行小結(jié)。而最后一段是總結(jié)性的段落，這一段只有一句話，采用了條件狀語(yǔ)從句加反問句的模式，給人留下了非常深刻的印象。此段話還將第一段第二句話的小結(jié)做了進(jìn)一步提煉，總結(jié)是“以不正當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉磉_(dá)到個(gè)人目的”，相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確。

原因段落和辦法段落均沒有采用最常見的分兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)來說的方法。第二段寫原因，前兩句描述一些學(xué)生不好好學(xué)習(xí)，一到考試的時(shí)候就找各種各樣的方法來得到滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。而后采用排比句分成幾類學(xué)生來寫。最后一句話是聚焦第三類學(xué)生，進(jìn)一步來說明——在某些極端的情況下，有些學(xué)生直接告訴老師自己需要多少分，以達(dá)到某個(gè)目的。

第三段首句一針見血地點(diǎn)出了這種做法的危害。而后將重點(diǎn)落在教師身上，具體講教師該怎么做。之后補(bǔ)充寫了校方的正確做法。

心得：

首先對(duì)于圖畫的小結(jié)(總結(jié)出寓意或主題)可以放在第一段后面或第二段開頭。

原因段落和辦法段落均可以不采用傳統(tǒng)的分類法，而采用層層遞進(jìn)的方法來寫。

最后一段使用了由條件狀語(yǔ)從句和疑問句構(gòu)成的經(jīng)典復(fù)合句做結(jié)，還要給人留下了深刻的印象。p副標(biāo)題e

Directions15

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. give your comment;

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)與我們前面所學(xué)的稍有不同，主要是第二個(gè)段落，這個(gè)段落不是要求寫原因，而是要給出自己的評(píng)論。對(duì)于本文來說，就是對(duì)算命這一事件給出自己的看法。

Sample:

In the above picture, a student goes to a fortune teller to ask whether she will succeed or not in the coming College Entrance Examination. It is obvious that the drawer wishes all of us to ponder over this social phenomenon, which is becoming more and more common nowadays.

I myself see no point in going to a fortune teller. First, life is always full of accidents and coincidences, and how can the fortune teller know a person’s life route exactly? Second, if we knew our fortune and believed it, we would only wait for it to happen—when life is deprived of challenges and surprises, is it still worth living?

To eliminate fortune tellers we have to persuade people not to go to them any longer. To begin with, we should explain why fortune telling is unreliable, and why finding a forture teller is a waste of time and energy. What’s more important, we should help people understand that everyone is the architect of his own future—only through diligence and persistence can he realize his dreams.

The meaning of life lies largely in the process of struggle and endurance. We have to improve our education to help young people fight for their ideals so as to forget fortune telling.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該文共分為四段來寫作。第一段分為兩句，第一句對(duì)圖畫進(jìn)行描述——可以用直接引語(yǔ)，也可以用間接引語(yǔ)，其中直接引語(yǔ)更為常見。而后一句是承上啟下的過渡句。

第二段首句表達(dá)了對(duì)該現(xiàn)象否定的態(tài)度，而后分為兩個(gè)方面來說，各有一句話。第一句話是個(gè)并列句，后半部分使用了反問句。第二句話很復(fù)雜，前面是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣描述了與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的情形，而后創(chuàng)造性地使用了破折號(hào)表示遞進(jìn)，而后是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句加上反問句，效果非常強(qiáng)烈——當(dāng)人生失去了挑戰(zhàn)和驚奇，它還值得活嗎?

第三段提出了消除這一現(xiàn)象的辦法，分為兩個(gè)方面。

最后一段下結(jié)論，分兩句話。第一句話說明了一條永恒的真理——生命的意義很大程度上在于奮斗和忍耐的過程，第二句話引到本文主題上——只有我們提高教育幫助年輕人為自己的理想而奮斗才能使他們忘記算命。

心得：

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在范文中句子的復(fù)雜程度較高，包含了較多的并列句和復(fù)合句，即使是簡(jiǎn)單句，有的也很復(fù)雜。下面以第三段為例來說明。該段第二句是個(gè)并列句，句中有兩個(gè)由疑問詞why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。第三句前半部分的賓語(yǔ)從句中是一句頗具哲理的諺語(yǔ)，后面使用了破折號(hào)，之后是個(gè)only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。

免費(fèi)考研網(wǎng)www.freekaoyan.com

Directions 6

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the two pictures,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

在寫作中，審題這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是非常重要的。在圖畫作文中，我們不僅要仔細(xì)審視圖畫，而且還應(yīng)將英文的提綱看清楚。這篇文章配了雙圖，雙圖多是表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，這里是凸顯時(shí)間的先后。提綱包括三個(gè)部分：描寫圖畫、闡釋含義和指出后果，這就決定了我們文章的結(jié)構(gòu)走向。

Sample:

Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one, a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said, “He seems to be drunk.” Another whispered, “His head and hands seem to be bleeding.” In the second picture, a policeman is asking those who were present, “Why didn’t send him to hospital?” The first one said, “I was hurrying to work.” The second one said, “I was hurrying to school.”

It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes, their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers, even their lives.

This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First, when people refuse to take care of the strangers, the danger of accidents will be much higher, because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time, and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second, the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.

If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

這篇文章最終寫成了四段，結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰。第一段分別描寫了兩副圖畫，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔流暢。注意這一段不宜過長(zhǎng)。

第二段是測(cè)度作者的意圖，共三句話，第一句是一個(gè)經(jīng)典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to... 這句話直指圖畫所揭示的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，后面兩句來具體說明：先說許多人千方百計(jì)找理由以逃避幫助他人;然后解釋原因，他們認(rèn)為……注意段中句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這是非常重要的。

第三段寫了該現(xiàn)象引起的有害的后果，該段的首句是個(gè)經(jīng)典的模板句，后分兩點(diǎn)來說明。第一點(diǎn)說明當(dāng)人們不愿意幫助他人時(shí)，事故所造成的危險(xiǎn)就會(huì)大得多，因?yàn)槟菢拥脑捗總€(gè)人能依靠的人(即親人和朋友)是非常有限的。這一點(diǎn)的第二句話是個(gè)難句，展現(xiàn)了很強(qiáng)的句子內(nèi)部的邏輯，希望大家用心學(xué)習(xí)。這句話的意思是：每個(gè)人都會(huì)遇到事故，而相互幫助可以避免大部分的事故造成毀滅性的后果。到這里，我們可以看出，思想是由語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的，要想深刻地表達(dá)思想，一定要多模仿、多操練。第二點(diǎn)是從更廣闊的角度去考慮問題，說明獲得幸福生活的可能性減小了。社會(huì)充滿了自私的人們，獲得成功的社會(huì)成本陡增。

末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果我們想要享受幸福的生活，我們應(yīng)向他人(包括陌生人)伸出援手。

第二段的第二句中的shirk one?s responsibility表示“逃避責(zé)任”。第三段第二句的emergency表示“緊急情況”。第三句的destructive表示“造成重大損害的”。第五句的in face of表示“面臨”。最后一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示“合作成為一種習(xí)慣”。

心得：

1.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次一定要清楚，這是充分理解提綱與圖畫構(gòu)成語(yǔ)境的結(jié)果。

2.學(xué)習(xí)寫作主從復(fù)合句，充分理解句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。通過本文，重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

典型的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people.

嵌套原因狀語(yǔ)從句的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.

Directions 7

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the two pictures,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

提綱包含了三個(gè)部分，這篇文章可以分為四段來寫，其中末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)。真實(shí)寫作中前三段可以與提綱有明顯的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，這樣的安排思路清晰，易于把握。

Sample:

In the pictures, we see clearly a person who claims to begin his grand scheme tomorrow. In the first picture, he claims that he will begin tomorrow because he is not yet well prepared today. In the second picture, when tomorrow really comes, he again says he will begin later because he is not feeling well at the moment.

What can we say at seeing such pictures? We can always find excuses for our mistakes, failures and inaction, but how can we make real progress in our life? We will never ever grow up if we keep on finding excuses instead of looking directly into the matter, analyzing the situation objectively and taking action as soon as possible.

Delay has a lot of bad consequences. In many cases, we will lose the chance to succeed forever. Time is limited, and so are youth and enthusiasm. When we form a plan, we should always try our best to put it into practice immediately. We should not worry about failure, because we can always learn from it. Only if we keep on trying and never stop, will we make progress and eventually turn our dream into reality.

The important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. Without action, a great aim will be nothing more than a castle in the air.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

第一段分別描述了兩幅圖畫，獨(dú)特之處在于首先將兩副圖畫的共同之處提取出來——描寫一個(gè)人說明天就要開始宏偉的計(jì)劃，而后分別描述兩副圖畫的不同之處——這樣做的好處是使段落的條理清晰。

第二段的首句使用了設(shè)問句，一下子引起了讀者的興趣，而后自己給出答案——我們總是能為錯(cuò)誤、失敗和無行動(dòng)找到理由，可是我們又怎能取得進(jìn)步呢?這個(gè)句子中使用了平行的名詞和反問句，效果強(qiáng)烈，非常引人注目。該段第三句進(jìn)一步說明，使用instead of強(qiáng)化了對(duì)比關(guān)系——如果一直尋找借口而不是直接查清事實(shí)、客觀分析情況和盡快采取行動(dòng)的話，我們永遠(yuǎn)也無法成長(zhǎng)。注意句中否定意義的表達(dá)：

We will not grow up if...

We will never grow up if...

We will never ever grow up if...

在上述三種表達(dá)方式中，我們可以看出，最后一種不僅語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，而且極富韻律。

第三段先說了拖延的壞處，而后說了我們正確的做法。

最后一段做結(jié)，共兩句話。第一句是引用了歌德的名言，而第二句是反過來說——如果沒有行動(dòng)，偉大的目標(biāo)就只能是空中樓閣。

心得：

要想寫好文章，就要先寫好句子，再寫好段落。文章大的結(jié)構(gòu)的確定是不難的，關(guān)鍵是寫好單個(gè)的句子后再將它們有機(jī)地組成完美流暢的段落。

第三段就是一個(gè)好的例子，這一段分成兩個(gè)部分，各有三句話，有機(jī)地結(jié)合在了一起。第一句先是講拖延有很多壞處，第二句直接解釋第一句——在很多情況下，我們就永遠(yuǎn)失去了成功的機(jī)會(huì)。注意這句話的寫法，首先，使用in many cases表示“在很多情況下”，顯得客觀，因?yàn)椴皇撬械那樾尉侨绱恕Ｆ浯危褂胒orever表示“永遠(yuǎn)”，加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)氣，并且恰如其分地指出了人生的悲愴，點(diǎn)出了韶華易逝的真諦。第三句是對(duì)第二句的補(bǔ)充說明——時(shí)間是有限的，青春和激情也是如此(句子的后部使用了倒裝)。第四句筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說明我們一旦有了計(jì)劃，應(yīng)當(dāng)全力以赴立即將其付諸實(shí)踐，注意這里使用了immediately，是反過來與該段的第一句話進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)。第五句說明我們不該擔(dān)心失敗，因?yàn)槲覀兛偰軓闹袑W(xué)到東西。末句是以only開頭的倒裝句，說明行動(dòng)和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。

Directions 8

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. make your comment.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的提綱與真題類似，屬于最晦澀的一種，但是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)分析后，我們將發(fā)現(xiàn)文章結(jié)構(gòu)并不難把握，一種好的選擇是——第一段描述圖畫，第二段對(duì)繪畫者的意圖進(jìn)行推測(cè)，第三段對(duì)第二段做進(jìn)一步說明，第四段下結(jié)論。

這里面至關(guān)重要的是第二段與第三段的關(guān)系。通常的情況是前一段就事論事或泛泛而論，后一段進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)、提煉升華。

Sample:

This picture sets me thinking for a long time. The parents themselves are playing mahjong, but they are telling their little child loudly: “Work hard. Don’t let us down.”

The drawer reminds us of a common social phenomenon. Nowadays, more and more parents wish children to study hard in order to embrace a brilliant future, but many of them do not know how to turn this dream into reality. We come across many parents who ask their children to attend all kinds of training classes, but is it that important in the making of a good student and later a successful person?

What is really important, according to the drawer, should be something else. That is the environment created by the parents and felt by the child. How can a child grow up into a scientist who loves research when the noise of playing mahjong is always there? Actions always speak louder than words. If parents turn off TV and family cinema, stop all noisy games and get down to reading quietly, the positive impact on the child will be considerable. In the years to come, the child will gradually learn concentration, which is an essential part of the learning process.

Across the nation, parents are investing more and more money on the education of their child. If they have a closer look on the learning process, they will know what is important is often how they behave, not how much money they spend.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

首段的描述非常簡(jiǎn)潔，與眾不同的是第一句話——這兩副畫讓我思忖良久。

第二段的首句是一個(gè)常用的模板句，非常有效。第二句話說許多家長(zhǎng)望子成龍，卻不知如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)期望。而后舉了一個(gè)例子，許多家長(zhǎng)讓孩子參加這樣那樣的培訓(xùn)班，但是這在孩子成材的過程中就那么重要嗎?

第三段是文章的關(guān)鍵段落。該段首句是過渡句，引出了下面的關(guān)鍵句子——重要的是環(huán)境，是父母創(chuàng)造孩子感知的環(huán)境。而后使用反問句——當(dāng)一直有麻將聲時(shí)，一個(gè)孩子怎樣能成長(zhǎng)為熱愛研究的科學(xué)家呢?而后使用諺語(yǔ)——行勝于言。如果父母關(guān)掉電視，開始讀書，對(duì)孩子的正面影響將是巨大的。最后說在以后的數(shù)年中，孩子將會(huì)逐漸學(xué)會(huì)集中精力。

最后一段做結(jié)，分兩句。第一句寫父母大量投資在孩子的教育上面。第二句表示遞進(jìn)，如果父母仔細(xì)審視學(xué)習(xí)的過程，那么他們將知道，重要的是他們的行為，而不是投入的錢。

心得：

句子中的好的用法一定要日積月累，這很重要。第三段的首句中有插入語(yǔ)的用法。第二句有名詞由兩個(gè)平行的過去分詞短語(yǔ)修飾的用法。第三句中的when the noise of playing mahjong is always there是個(gè)精彩用法，表示“一直有噪音”，如果說沒有噪音，可以說when the noise is down。第四句是個(gè)諺語(yǔ)，需要平時(shí)積累，注意使用時(shí)務(wù)求準(zhǔn)確。第五句在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，有平行的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)。本段最后一句中in the years to come是個(gè)好詞組，表示“在將要到來的數(shù)年中”，之后有非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。

Directions 9

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon, and

3. give possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的提綱是圖畫作文另一種非常典型的提綱，在描述圖畫后分別給出該現(xiàn)象(或問題)的原因及其解決辦法。這里在提綱中雖沒有出現(xiàn)interpret the meaning(闡釋含義)的字樣，實(shí)際上這個(gè)步驟是不可少的，但可以做得極為簡(jiǎn)潔。

Sample:

In this picture we are surprised to see a group of fat children who want to lose weight at a dieting center. We can’t help asking such a question: why are there so many over?weighted young children in present society?

In my belief, many reasons contribute to this undesirable result, but three of them play the dominant role. In the first place, with the development of national economy, people’s living level becomes higher and higher. Grandparents and parents devote all their love to the young children, who consequently often take in much more nutrition than necessary. In the second place, more and more young boys and girls are even addicted to foreign snacks, which contain too much fat and thus do great harm to the heart and the vessels. Last but by no means the least, pressure from teachers, parents and the whole society often leaves little time for small children to take part in physical exercises.

To solve this worrying problem, all of us should take immediate and effective measures. First, a balanced and healthy diet is often the most important factor in the making of a strong body. In this aspect, teachers and parents should do their jobs. Second, exercises should become part of their daily life—once children get used to sports, they will find it not only beneficial but also interesting.

All of us have realized the children are the future of our nation, and we should also realize that healthy minds always dwell in healthy bodies. To fulfill this goal, all of us should work hard.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該文章仍然是四個(gè)段落。第一段非常引人注目，只用了一句話便完成了對(duì)圖畫的描寫，還加入了表達(dá)作者心情的部分(be surprised to see)。段落中的第二句話非常關(guān)鍵，是將圖畫總結(jié)為一個(gè)大家都該來關(guān)注的社會(huì)問題——兒童的肥胖問題。第二句話的作用相當(dāng)于對(duì)畫圖人意圖的測(cè)度，只不過由于提綱的要求，這里沒有單獨(dú)成段，而是放到了第一段。

第二段與第三段嚴(yán)格按照提綱來寫，分別寫原因和解決辦法，段落的首句都是非常精彩的模板句。第二段首句的寫法請(qǐng)大家用心揣摩——既顯得全面(句子的前半部分)，又不失重點(diǎn)(句子的后半部分)。該段之后分為三點(diǎn)來寫，第一點(diǎn)兩句話由淺入深，脈絡(luò)清晰。先寫隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人民生活水平提高了——這句話是常常用到的經(jīng)典句子，大家應(yīng)熟練掌握。然后寫祖父母和父母將愛都傾注在孩子們身上，導(dǎo)致孩子們常常營(yíng)養(yǎng)過剩。該句中大家應(yīng)首先掌握非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的寫法，該從句的拓展性非常好，能避免連寫句(run?on sentence)這樣的常見錯(cuò)誤。之后大家應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)詞組devote...to...和more than necessary的用法。第二點(diǎn)講越來越多的孩子沉溺于洋快餐。注意句中be addicted to和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。句中有一個(gè)難詞thus(副詞)，這里表示結(jié)果。第三點(diǎn)講述了孩子缺乏鍛煉的原因——該句使用了特殊的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于我們拓展思路，注意學(xué)習(xí)leave little/no time for someone to do something的結(jié)構(gòu)。

第三段分兩點(diǎn)來說解決問題的辦法。第一點(diǎn)說平衡健康的飲食是至關(guān)重要的，這句話中的making是個(gè)閃光點(diǎn)，表示“造就……的過程”。后面一句中的do one?s jobs等于take on one?s responsibility。第二點(diǎn)中使用了破折號(hào)，后面是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，注意get used to(習(xí)慣于)和not only...but also...的用法。句子中出現(xiàn)了part的用法，注意這里不能加冠詞，否則不僅不能加分，還要扣分。再舉一例，大家細(xì)細(xì)體會(huì)：

Learn the phrase by heart until it becomes part of you.

這是表達(dá)效果很強(qiáng)的用法，文中的句子表示體育鍛煉應(yīng)成為他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠郑馑际浅蔀榱艘环N習(xí)慣。上面這句話表示將該詞組熟記以至于永遠(yuǎn)熟練掌握。

最后一段使用了強(qiáng)勢(shì)的推導(dǎo)方式，先找到對(duì)方(讀者)認(rèn)同的基本觀點(diǎn)(孩子是國(guó)家的未來)，而后推導(dǎo)出文中的重要觀點(diǎn)(健康的心靈存在于健康的體魄)。第二句將目的狀語(yǔ)放在句首，我們要做的工作放在后面，非常簡(jiǎn)潔。

心得：

對(duì)提綱的把握非常關(guān)鍵，我們應(yīng)該做到看到提綱后立即對(duì)文章全文的構(gòu)造有個(gè)全面的想法。

末段呼應(yīng)前文的方式多種多樣，不一定是嚴(yán)格地將文章中所述的思想再簡(jiǎn)單地重復(fù)一遍。

對(duì)于文章中的詞組和句型，好的學(xué)習(xí)方法是將它們摘錄下來，反復(fù)地進(jìn)行多感官操練(眼、耳、口、手、心并用)，這樣我們的學(xué)習(xí)效率就能大大提高了。

Directions 10

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the pictures,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon, and

3. give possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰，可分為三段來寫，分別是描述圖畫、說明原因和給出解決辦法。

Sample:

In the first picture, a beggar says, “Have pity on me,please. I am old. I am blind.” In the second picture, he is eating to his heart’s content in a big restaurant. He tells the waiter, “Another fish, please.” We can say he is in fact a man with bright eyes.

These two pictures remind us of such a group of people who don’t want to work to earn a living. Instead, they disguise themselves as beggars to make easy money. The reason for this phenomenon is rather obvious. In such a society full of competitions, some people do not want to use their own hands to make a fortune. They also can not bear a poor life, so they make such a shameful choice.

To solve this problem, the government and the common people should join their hands. On the one hand, the government should issue policies to take care of those people who are really in need of help. Those fake beggars should be educated and punished in order that they give up begging and live a decent life. On the other hand, common citizens should also extend helping hands. They should report such made?up beggars to the police as soon as possible. If they can help such people learn skills, find jobs and live a normal life, it should be much better.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

首段描述了兩幅圖畫。

次段的前兩句對(duì)圖畫所描述的群體做了總結(jié)——第一句話同時(shí)使用了remind...of...和who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是個(gè)很好的模板句。第二句話以instead開頭，凸顯了對(duì)比。此句中有disguise oneself as(偽裝為)和make easy money(輕松賺錢)兩個(gè)詞組，大家注意識(shí)記。之后對(duì)該現(xiàn)象做出了解釋。

第三段給出了解決辦法，從政府和公民兩方面來說(段首的模板句清晰地表明了這一點(diǎn))，非常有條理。

心得：

首段的描述中要將兩幅圖畫的對(duì)比描述出來。次段的圖畫總結(jié)和原因闡述采用了幾乎相同的推導(dǎo)方式(不想工作——偽裝騙錢;不想用辛勤勞動(dòng)致富——做出了可恥的選擇)，看來有呼應(yīng)之感覺。末段結(jié)構(gòu)的層次感是由模板句奠定下來的，讀來輕松流暢。

免費(fèi)考研網(wǎng)www.freekaoyan.com

Directions1

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the two pictures,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. point out the reasons for such phenomenon.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題包含兩幅對(duì)比鮮明的圖畫，指令要求在描述圖畫后闡明含義并給出該現(xiàn)象的原因。我們應(yīng)該這樣來構(gòu)造全文：第一段描述圖畫;第二段發(fā)表自己對(duì)圖畫的看法;第三段給出該現(xiàn)象的原因;第四段下結(jié)論，簡(jiǎn)要提出解決問題的辦法。經(jīng)過學(xué)習(xí)之后，大家就會(huì)知道這是一個(gè)極為重要的模式，請(qǐng)大家用心掌握。

Sample:

As is depicted by the two pictures, a sharp contrast is shaped between the parents and the son. In the left drawing, the parents are working hard in the field, bending over and sweating heavily. Near them is a basket with very simple food in it. However, in the right drawing, their son is squandering the money on luxurious food and chatting on mobile phone.

How pitiful the parents are! They spare no efforts to earn money in order to support their son’s study and life in university. They seem to be willing to do everything that is helpful to their beloved son. But, in return, the son spends the money as he likes without knowing how hard his parents work for it and how he should use it to better prepare himself for future career.

In my opinion, the reasons for this phenomenon come down to one essential point—failure of both family and school education. For one thing, quite a lot of Chinese parents spoil their children. All parents’ love for children is the same, but different is the way of showing it. Many parents hope too much that their children will have a bright future, which, in their eyes, means key universities, hot majors, good salaries and so on. So they try their best to satisfy the children’s demands instead of teaching them to struggle for future with their own hands. For another, centered on exam marks, the school education also fails, to a large extent, to impart moral standards to the children, especially the conception of self?reliance and hard struggle.

In a word, to change the phenomenon described by the above pictures, a reform in our current education system is not only necessary but urgent.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

第一段的重點(diǎn)是在描述時(shí)突出兩幅圖畫之間強(qiáng)烈的反差，所以這里專門加上了第一句話。這一段在用詞上也很考究。第二段強(qiáng)烈地表達(dá)了自己的感想。首句使用了感嘆句。而后先說父母竭盡全力掙錢供孩子讀書，后說孩子不知父母辛苦，不懂得如何正確利用父母的血汗錢。第三段給出了該現(xiàn)象的原因——家庭和學(xué)校教育的失敗，而后分為兩方面來說，結(jié)構(gòu)極為清晰。最后一段只有一句話，擲地有聲——要想改變現(xiàn)狀，只能改革當(dāng)前的教育體系。

心得：

全文一氣呵成，讀來倍感暢快。從描述圖畫，到發(fā)表評(píng)論，到給出原因，再到解決辦法，可謂渾然一體。既有全局的考慮，又有細(xì)微處語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用，該文值得大家細(xì)細(xì)品味。

Directions 2

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture, and

2. point out the reasons why more and more foreigners like to live in China.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

《西湖晨景》該題目非常簡(jiǎn)潔，在提綱中已給出文章的主題，即越來越多的外國(guó)人喜愛在中國(guó)生活——在描述圖畫后，給出原因即可。

Sample:

What an attractive scene it is! On such a peaceful and beautiful morning by West Lake, a middle?aged foreigner is jogging—he is enjoying the fresh air, cool breeze and charming scenery. From this picture, we can see clearly that the foreigner enjoys life in this Chinese city, Hangzhou.

As a matter of fact, in the past few years, more and more foreigners have chosen to live in China. Some work here, some pursue their study in universities and even some join volunteer activities in China. The reasons why more and more foreigners like to live in China can be listed as follows. To begin with, since China’s reform and opening?up in 1978, our country has witnessed great progress in nearly all aspects of the society, especially in economy, which provides a far better environment of working, investing and studying for foreigners. Second, economic globalization has made cultural blending possible and necessary. Foreigners have come to know more and more about Chinese culture and become influenced by it, which has formed the important basis of their living in China. Last but not the least, it is obvious that with every effort we have made in environmental protection, our country has become a place more and more suitable and pleasant to live in.

In my opinion, the arrival of foreigners brings more chances and opportunities of economic development. So why not seize such chances to embrace our bright future?

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

第一段描述圖畫。這一段寫得非常精彩，先以感嘆句開頭，而后描述圖畫，最后小結(jié)——這位外國(guó)人喜愛在杭州的生活。

第二段前兩句總結(jié)了外國(guó)人來我國(guó)的現(xiàn)象。第三句是原因類的模板句，而后分三點(diǎn)來說：第一點(diǎn)是說改革開放后我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，給外國(guó)人提供了很好的工作、投資和學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境;第二點(diǎn)是說經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化促進(jìn)文化融合——外國(guó)人對(duì)中國(guó)文化了解更多，這構(gòu)成了他們?cè)谥袊?guó)生活的重要基礎(chǔ);第三點(diǎn)是說環(huán)境保護(hù)效果顯著，居住條件自然改善了。

最后一段說外國(guó)人的到來帶到了更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)，所以為什么不抓住這些機(jī)會(huì)來?yè)肀覀兠篮玫拿魈炷?

心得：

要寫出好文章，首先要對(duì)文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)非常熟悉，而后再做出一些變化，這些變化通常就是亮點(diǎn)。比如第一段先使用了一個(gè)感嘆句，立即吸引了讀者的注意力。第三段第二句使用了反問句，效果非常強(qiáng)烈。

Directions 3

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the drawing,

2. analyze the reasons why it is difficult for university graduates to find a job, and

3. point out the possible ways to solve the problem.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

《招員工七名》 這篇文章關(guān)注的是當(dāng)前重要的就業(yè)難問題。它的要求非常明確，在描述圖畫后，先給出原因，再給出解決辦法，這是非常常見的文章模式。

Sample:

The recruiting fair in the above drawing is filled with young graduates each holding a pile of resumes in their hands. Around a desk in the front of the drawing, there are dozens of students waiting to hand in their resumes but only seven are wanted by the company as is written on a board beside the desk.

It is clear that the drawer wants to draw our attention to the difficulty that today’s university graduates are faced with in finding a job. In fact, in many universities and colleges, the employment rate of graduates is lower than 50% and much fewer can find a satisfactory job. The reasons for this situation can be listed as follows. In the first place, the enrolment expansion of universities and colleges has resulted in a great increase in the number of graduates every year, which has exceeded the increase in positions in the job market. What makes things worse is that quite a lot of students like to choose those hot majors when they enter the university and to look for jobs in big developed cities when they graduate. So it is even more difficult for them to find a suitable job.

From my point of view, the society and the graduates need to join their hands in the endeavor to solve this problem. On the one hand, the society should continue to focus on economic development so as to provide bigger employment chances for the graduates. On the other hand, the students should choose the majors that they are really interested in and well capable of and broaden their horizon when looking for jobs. Only in this way can they gain larger space for their future career.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該文分為三段，第一段描述圖畫，第二段對(duì)此問題進(jìn)行了小結(jié)，而后給出了原因。第三段提出了解決問題的辦法。

第一段共用兩句話，第一句是遠(yuǎn)景，第二句由遠(yuǎn)及近，展示了求職者之多與實(shí)際招聘人數(shù)之少。第二段共分六句話，前兩句總結(jié)了大學(xué)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難這一情況，第三句話是原因類的模板句。第四句話說擴(kuò)招帶來的影響。第五句話和第六句話說大學(xué)生選擇熱門的專業(yè)，使就業(yè)難的矛盾更加突出。第三段共分四句話，第一句話是總括句，說社會(huì)和畢業(yè)生應(yīng)攜起手來解決問題，而后分兩句話分別說明。最后一句話是總結(jié)，使用了語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈的倒裝句。

心得：

這是常考的模式，望大家用心學(xué)習(xí)。

Directions 4

Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the table,

2. suggest possible solutions to the problem of the heavy burden of university tuition in China.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

國(guó)家 大學(xué)年平均學(xué)費(fèi) 國(guó)民人均年收入 比值

美國(guó) 4，700美元 35，000美元 1/8

英國(guó) 1，500英鎊 15，000英鎊 1/10

中國(guó) 7，500元 7，500元 1

審題：

在審題的環(huán)節(jié)中，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)將讀圖表(圖畫)和看提綱有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來。有的時(shí)候，提綱中會(huì)把文章的主題直接給出來，這時(shí)我們文章的整體布局就會(huì)容易得多。在這道題的提綱中，就出現(xiàn)了“中國(guó)大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的問題”的字樣，這就是該文的主題，我們的文章應(yīng)該圍繞它展開。

Sample:

From the above table we can see that in America and Britain the ratio of average annual tuition of universities to gross national income per capita is about 1 to 10, but astonishingly that in China is 1. That is to say, the burden of university tuition on Chinese families is nearly ten times heavier than that on American or British families. As a matter of fact, most Chinese families feel it difficult to afford the high tuition of their children, and some absolutely cannot afford it, which has received more and more concern from all over the country.

In order to solve this problem, I strongly suggest the following solutions. First and foremost, it is a must to reduce the cost of higher education. We need to cut down the staff in universities, most of whom now have a disproportionately large number of administrators. The now widespread corruption should also be eliminated in universities, such as unnecessary tours and banquets at public expense. Moreover, much importance should be attached to the reform of management system of higher education. The national government should not only increase financial investment in higher education but also optimize the distribution of such money.

To sum up, it is high time to pay enough attention to the problem of the heavy burden of university tuition in our country, and to solve it a comprehensive educational reform is essential.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該文共分三段，第一段是描述表格，第二段是給出解決辦法，第三段是總結(jié)。

第一段是對(duì)表格進(jìn)行描述——這時(shí)我們不一定要把每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)都描述出來，而是要抓住問題的關(guān)鍵。這個(gè)表格的關(guān)鍵就是體現(xiàn)我國(guó)大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)太高，依據(jù)就是學(xué)費(fèi)與國(guó)民人均年收入之比。美國(guó)與英國(guó)處于差不多的水平，所以放在一起說就可以了。該段共分三句話，第一句將比例描述出來，第二句作出比較——中國(guó)家庭負(fù)擔(dān)的大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)是英美國(guó)家的十倍之多。第三句進(jìn)一步說明我國(guó)大部分家庭感覺負(fù)擔(dān)較重，有些家庭根本就負(fù)擔(dān)不起。

第二段提出解決辦法，第一句是模板句，之后分兩方面來說。第一方面說的是減少高等教育的成本，分為兩個(gè)方面，一是減員增效，二是消除腐敗。第二方面說的是高教管理體制的改革。國(guó)家應(yīng)加強(qiáng)高等教育的投資，并合理配置這些資金。

最后一段是總結(jié)，說解決大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)成為沉重負(fù)擔(dān)問題正值其時(shí)，全面改革勢(shì)在必行。

心得：

提綱中如果出現(xiàn)文章主題，一定要把握住，這直接決定了文章的謀篇布局。

描述圖表時(shí)不一定要面面俱到，只要抓住重點(diǎn)即可。

寫原因或解決辦法的段落時(shí)條理一定要清楚，一般分為三點(diǎn)(也有兩點(diǎn)或四點(diǎn)的情況)，不一定是權(quán)威的解釋，我們并非是專門研究該問題的專家，閱卷老師也不會(huì)太苛求，只要符合情理即可。關(guān)鍵是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)一定要準(zhǔn)確，如果要拿高分就一定要有出彩的地方。p副標(biāo)題e

Directions 5

Study the following reportage carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. interpret the reportage,

2. point out the reasons for the problem, and

3. suggest possible ways to solve the problem.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

題目：

本報(bào)記者報(bào)道自20世紀(jì)70年代末以來，中國(guó)的離婚率持續(xù)上升。離婚水平已超過鄰國(guó)日本和韓國(guó)，與新加坡同屬亞洲離婚率較高的國(guó)家。這是近日中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院人口學(xué)專家唐燦發(fā)布的調(diào)研報(bào)告中指出的。這份報(bào)告還寫到，據(jù)北京市統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒公布的數(shù)據(jù)，北京市的離婚總數(shù)為38756對(duì)，當(dāng)年戶籍人口為1136.3萬，粗離婚率達(dá)到6.82‰;當(dāng)年的結(jié)婚對(duì)數(shù)為76136對(duì)，由此計(jì)算離結(jié)率高達(dá)50.90%。也就是說，這一年平均不到兩對(duì)夫妻結(jié)婚就有一對(duì)夫妻離婚，北京市的離婚率已經(jīng)成為全國(guó)最高。

審題：

這是一道相當(dāng)特殊的題目，是就一段漢語(yǔ)的新聞報(bào)道命題，提綱卻是傳統(tǒng)的模式。這類形式題目出現(xiàn)的比率不大，我們?cè)诒緯写┎辶藗€(gè)別這樣的題目主要是為了拓展大家的視野，而且這類題目所涉及的主題也是非常重要的，很有可能以圖畫題或圖表題等主流形式考察到。

Sample:

According to the above news report, the divorce rate in China keeps increasing since 1970’s, and now is higher than that in Japan and Korea. It was also reported that the ratio of divorced couples to married couples reached 1 to 2 in in Beijing.

From my point of view, the problem of high divorce rate in our country can be analyzed from three perspectives. To begin with, owing to economic development and women’s liberation, the traditional family mode has changed greatly. Now in most cases the two parties of a marriage are psychologically and economically independent. Second, because of the higher living standard and one?child policy, many young people have shaped a self?centered personality, which is liable to result in lack of mutual care and understanding. Third, when all the social members become more and more open?minded, people are less restricted to the traditional conception of marriage. Third parties, extramarital love and online marriage all pose great threats to the legal marriage.

As we all know, healthy marriages are beneficial not only to the couples themselves, but also to the growth of the children and to the stability of the whole society. Therefore, it is worthwhile to make efforts to reduce the divorce rate. Before they get married, young couples should be emotionally and psychologically well prepared for all possible conditions and changes in marriage. Furthermore, school and family education should help enhance the sense of responsibility, which is not only the key to a healthy marriage but also to a successful career.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

文章共分三段。第一段是將新聞報(bào)道中最重要的信息提煉出來，這是看大家的基本功是否扎實(shí)。第二段給出了該現(xiàn)象的原因。第三段是解決問題的辦法。

第一段共有兩句話，第一句話說國(guó)內(nèi)的離婚率一路攀升，已超過了日本和韓國(guó)。第二句話說北京的離結(jié)率已高達(dá)1∶2。

第二段是寫原因的段落，共分三個(gè)方面來寫。第一點(diǎn)寫傳統(tǒng)家庭模式的巨大變化。第二點(diǎn)寫年輕人以自我為中心的人格的形成，容易導(dǎo)致相互關(guān)愛與理解的缺失。第三點(diǎn)說人們的傳統(tǒng)婚姻家庭觀念的松動(dòng)。

第三段寫解決辦法。先說健康的婚姻對(duì)夫妻、孩子和社會(huì)均有益，推導(dǎo)至減少離婚率是很有意義的事。首先說年輕人應(yīng)在結(jié)婚時(shí)做好準(zhǔn)備，以應(yīng)對(duì)婚姻中的各種情形及變化。另外，學(xué)校和家庭教育應(yīng)著重加強(qiáng)他們的責(zé)任感，這對(duì)婚姻和事業(yè)都是大有益處的。 該文是特殊的出題方式，如果我們考試中遇到特殊的形式，也不必慌亂，一定要看清楚具體的要求，這樣就可以有的放矢了。看到熟悉的方式甚至題目，也不要過于欣喜，一定要把優(yōu)勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)化成勝勢(shì)。

心得：

該文有許多好的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)值得學(xué)習(xí)。

首段的news report相當(dāng)于提綱中的reportage，意思是“新聞報(bào)道”。

次段首句的perspective意思是“角度”。第四句的one?child policy表示“計(jì)劃生育的一孩政策”，self?centered personality表示“以自我為中心的個(gè)性”，mutual care and understanding表示“相互關(guān)愛和理解”。第五句中的open?minded表示“思想開明的”。第六句中的pose great threats to表示“對(duì)……構(gòu)成重大威脅”。

第三段中的enhance the sense of responsibility表示“加強(qiáng)責(zé)任感”。

免費(fèi)考研網(wǎng)www.freekaoyan.com

第二章

大作文寫作各類型大作文寫作技巧

一、 命題作文

命題作文又叫提綱式作文，是1996年考研及以前使用的模式，現(xiàn)在再考的可能性已非常小了，但是它是各種寫作的基礎(chǔ)。這類作文主要可分為觀點(diǎn)類與辦法類。

1.觀點(diǎn)類

寫作包括三個(gè)重要的方面：內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)言。相對(duì)說來，考研英語(yǔ)寫作對(duì)內(nèi)容要求并不是很高——只要圍繞主題闡述，不跑題，對(duì)問題談得是否深與透，并不是特別關(guān)注，而提綱式作文就更是如此。語(yǔ)言體現(xiàn)在詞、句、段、篇各個(gè)方面，重在積累。我們要幫助大家快速提高的是結(jié)構(gòu)方面。

概括說來，觀點(diǎn)類分為三種情形：第一種是議論，即對(duì)現(xiàn)存觀點(diǎn)(通常是兩種)做一選擇;另一種是立論，即直接提出一種觀點(diǎn)，然后來論證它;第三種是駁論，即對(duì)現(xiàn)有觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行批駁，這種文章出現(xiàn)的幾率不大。

第一種文章所占的比例最高，現(xiàn)存的觀點(diǎn)一般說來是兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，通常我們會(huì)斬釘截鐵地選擇其中的一種觀點(diǎn)，有些時(shí)候也可以將兩者巧妙地結(jié)合起來。

這種文章通常有三種構(gòu)成方法，最常見的情況是在第一段敘述第一種人的觀點(diǎn)，第二段敘述第二種人的觀點(diǎn)，第三段做出自己的選擇并下結(jié)論。

還有兩種情況很類似，都是在第一段簡(jiǎn)要敘述兩種人的觀點(diǎn)，在第二段將兩種人的觀點(diǎn)展開，再在第三段給出自己的觀點(diǎn);也可以直接在第二段就給出自己的觀點(diǎn)并加以論證。這兩種情況的區(qū)別在于現(xiàn)有的兩種觀點(diǎn)與自己的觀點(diǎn)所占的篇幅長(zhǎng)短不同。

這里我們對(duì)幾個(gè)重要的問題再說明一下。首先是主題句的問題，如在敘述兩種人觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，通常在段落中應(yīng)該有這樣的句子，例如：

* Different people have different views on opportunity.

* People?s opinions are always different once they talk about family tutoring.

其次是段落間銜接的問題，也就是要有過渡句。大家細(xì)細(xì)地研究一下范文，就能發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)時(shí)候過渡句是在后一段的段首，但也有在前一段段末的情況。比如說，如果第一段原來只有一句話，那么原本多放在第二段段首的句子可能被提至第一段的第二句話。

至于論據(jù)到底應(yīng)分幾點(diǎn)來說，一般分三點(diǎn)。但也有變化的時(shí)候，比如是先說兩點(diǎn)，然后舉個(gè)例子——這樣也很有可能取得很好的效果。但是要注意，舉例子一定要注意兩點(diǎn)，即典型、精練。

觀點(diǎn)類的第二種情況是立論，在很多時(shí)候是對(duì)事物本質(zhì)的論述。此事物可以是一項(xiàng)制度、一種現(xiàn)象甚至是一種觀點(diǎn)。通常分三段寫作，首段先對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)作一介紹，第二段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，第三段下結(jié)論。這里最重要的問題之一就是第一段和第三段的寫法，這兩段極有可能都是兩句話：第一句是段落的主題句，第二句表示遞進(jìn)、解釋或者例證，當(dāng)然絕大多數(shù)情況下是遞進(jìn)——可以是時(shí)間上的自然接續(xù)，也可以是邏輯上的順接關(guān)系，在實(shí)際寫作中后一種情況占多數(shù)。

觀點(diǎn)類的第三種情況是駁論，比較少見。這類文章大多分為三段，第一段說明一種現(xiàn)象、一種做法或者一種觀點(diǎn)，第二段進(jìn)行批駁，第三段下結(jié)論。這里有兩個(gè)重要問題，一是批駁句出現(xiàn)的位置，二是批駁句的性質(zhì)問題。批駁句絕大多數(shù)情況下出現(xiàn)在第二段的首句，但也有出現(xiàn)在第一段末句的情形。批駁句有第一人稱作主語(yǔ)的主觀批駁，如I cannot agree with the above opinion;還有非人稱主語(yǔ)句，即客觀批駁，如It is not the real case。

2.辦法類

辦法類文章的題目通常是以“How to”開頭的，這一類的文章數(shù)量相當(dāng)多。辦法類文章分為三類：第一類是社會(huì)生活中的重大問題;第二類是令人擔(dān)憂的社會(huì)問題;第三類是與大學(xué)生活緊密相連的問題。這類文章通常都有“提出問題——列舉具體的解決辦法——總結(jié)”的寫法。

辦法類文章可以寫得極其工整，即第一、二、三段均分三個(gè)方面來說，達(dá)到相互呼應(yīng)的情形，比如說第一類和第二類可分政府、科研工作者與大眾來說。當(dāng)然有的時(shí)候文章也可以只說兩種人——即政府和大眾，文章就更清晰了，但此時(shí)要避免單調(diào)或篇幅太短。第三類可以從學(xué)校、老師與學(xué)生三個(gè)方面來說。

辦法類文章的變化極多，首先末段的寫法極其靈活：可以是一句話戛然而止，但這種情況并不建議大家多用;個(gè)別情況下還可以沒有作為結(jié)論段的第三段，這時(shí)的結(jié)束句必然只有一句話，放在第二段末尾。這個(gè)句子一定是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)且復(fù)雜有力量的句子，并與上述若干點(diǎn)結(jié)合緊密。

末段大多數(shù)時(shí)候包含兩個(gè)句子，規(guī)律性很強(qiáng)。首句多說問題嚴(yán)重或重要，后句則總結(jié)必須采用上述的方法才能達(dá)到目的——這個(gè)句子可以是個(gè)倒裝句、否定句、雙重否定句甚至反問句。總之，這時(shí)我們是想通過調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)來達(dá)到加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的目的。

在辦法類中還可能出現(xiàn)個(gè)性化段落或混合模板這些復(fù)雜的情形。個(gè)性化段落就是提綱中要求在先說了多種辦法(通常是三種)后再說到個(gè)人(即我)的寫法。這里一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問題就是，我們?cè)谡f到自己時(shí)是選擇上述辦法之一，還是將兩種辦法融合。比較可行的做法是選擇其中的一種辦法。其后的問題就是，在說明理由時(shí)，這段是否會(huì)與前面重復(fù)呢?實(shí)際上這里只要注意將自己的獨(dú)特之處寫出來就行了。

混合類模板既包括辦法類模塊又包括原因或后果模塊，我們一定要看清提綱，嚴(yán)格按照它來寫。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，我們應(yīng)先熟悉單一模板的寫法，再在融合時(shí)多思考，多練習(xí)，這樣就一定能提高了。

二、 圖表作文

圖表作文在考研中總共只出現(xiàn)過兩次，分別是1997年與1999年，它是一種介于命題作文和圖畫作文之間的寫作形式，再考的可能性不大，但是卻對(duì)圖畫式作文的學(xué)習(xí)非常有益。

圖表作文至少包含描述圖表與解釋原因兩個(gè)部分，而當(dāng)前的圖表作文大多還有第三個(gè)段落。圖表作文的規(guī)律性很強(qiáng)，不像圖畫式作文那樣富于變化。

1.首段的寫作

圖表作文有表格(table)、柱形圖(bar chart)、餅狀圖(pie chart)和折線圖(diagram)之分，后三種都是屬于圖表的范疇(chart)。不管是chart還是table，都需要進(jìn)行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，長(zhǎng)度宜適中。描述數(shù)據(jù)我們要首先看看是幾個(gè)變量(A)，每個(gè)變量有幾個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)(B)，不妨以A*B表示。

如果只有一個(gè)變量，有三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)，可以描述如下：

From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in , and then to 20 hours in .

如果是最常見的是2*3的情形，可以描述如下：

From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state?owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in , while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.

這里用了while引起從句來突顯對(duì)比，是一種非常好的辦法，如果用兩句話來描述，也完全可以。

如果是1*n(n>3)的情形，將頭與尾描述出來即可，比較好的方法就是在句中描述最后一個(gè)與第一個(gè)相比變化了多少。

碰到多變量、每個(gè)變量多數(shù)據(jù)的情形，大家應(yīng)首先進(jìn)行分類，分成上升、下降兩類，或者上升、下降、不變?nèi)悾@樣問題就迎刃而解了。

2. 第二段的寫作

第二段是解釋原因的段落。我們談?wù)剝蓚€(gè)問題。

首先是過渡句這個(gè)問題。這里不大可能放在第一段，因?yàn)榈谝欢尾豢赡芟笥械拿}作文那樣簡(jiǎn)潔(如只有一句)——例如提綱式作文中的批駁類文章中除二段首句批駁之外還有首段末句批駁，效果很強(qiáng)烈。

其次就是此段的主題句(topic sentence)的問題。此句或主觀或客觀并無拘束，只要上下文風(fēng)格統(tǒng)一即可。

主觀：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows.

主觀之變體(使用插入語(yǔ)，突顯主語(yǔ))：Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon.

Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon.

Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.

注意:插入語(yǔ)的使用屬于看似平淡卻極富功力的技巧，可以達(dá)到很好的效果。

主觀之變體(使用插入語(yǔ))：Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon.

客觀：Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.

在主題句之后，可以使用連接詞分兩個(gè)、三個(gè)或四個(gè)方面來寫，其中分三個(gè)方面來寫最為常見。這里就與普通的說明文與議論文一樣了——可以由最重要的到最不重要的，也可以由最不重要的到最重要的，也可能平行分布，依具體情況而定，不一而足。

3. 第三段的寫作

第三段直接寫結(jié)論的情況已基本沒有了。如果這篇文章講的是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的問題，那么這一段寫解決辦法的可能性最大。

如果這篇文章講的是一個(gè)好的變化，那么這一段很可能是兩種情況——可能寫負(fù)面的影響或存在的問題，或者寫未來趨勢(shì)或發(fā)展方向。

咱們看看很象利弊類的情況，如一篇文章的第三段：

上述情況均是依提綱而定，提綱中如果沒有第三點(diǎn)，那么一般說來，若是問題則寫辦法，若是好事則寫展望，根據(jù)具體情況而定。

三、 圖畫作文

圖畫作文在最近八年中考了七次，可謂占據(jù)了大作文的統(tǒng)治地位。圖畫作文可分為圖片、漫畫與照片等多種。圖畫作文總體上比圖表作文的結(jié)構(gòu)變化更多，更為靈活，因此難度也更大。

1.描述圖畫

圖畫作文對(duì)圖畫的描述應(yīng)在第一段進(jìn)行，且最好在首句即開始。此類作文大部分是一幅圖，也會(huì)有兩幅圖出現(xiàn)的情況。如果出現(xiàn)兩幅圖，則很有可能是突顯對(duì)比的情況。

圖畫上可能沒有任何文字，也可能在上面出現(xiàn)了一句話，也可以單個(gè)人物說話或兩個(gè)人物對(duì)話，也可能在圖畫外寫了總結(jié)性的一句話。大家注意，這一句話或兩句話一般是非常重要的，應(yīng)予譯出。

一般說來，對(duì)圖畫的描寫不必過長(zhǎng)，應(yīng)以簡(jiǎn)練、準(zhǔn)確為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

2.圖畫類作文結(jié)構(gòu)分析

從七年的圖畫作文提綱來看，可以看出，出題越來越合理，越來越符合規(guī)律，我們來看一下。

年份〖〗提綱〖〗分析

1998〖〗1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.

2. Give your comments.〖〗首段描述圖畫。

第二段和第三段分別寫原因和危害。

〖〗1. Describe the pictures.

2. Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures.

3. Suggest your counter?measures.〖〗首段描述圖畫。

第二段推測(cè)繪畫者意圖。

第三段提出解決辦法。

〖〗1. Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,

2. Give a specific example, and

3. Give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.〖〗首段描述圖畫、指出圖畫的象征意義。

第二段舉例說明主題。

第三段指出獻(xiàn)愛心的最好辦法，深化主題。

〖〗1. Describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and

2. Give your comment on the phenomenon.〖〗第一段描述圖畫。

第二段解釋含義。

第三段對(duì)此現(xiàn)象做出評(píng)論。

〖〗1. Describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and

2. Point out its implications in our life.〖〗第一段描述圖畫。

第二段類比于生活中孩子的教育問題，并分析此現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因。

第三段做結(jié)。

〖〗1) Describe the drawing

2) Interpret its meaning, and

3) Support your view with examples.〖〗第一段是描述圖畫。

第二段是類比于人類一條永恒的真理。

第三段是舉例說明。

〖〗1) Describe the drawing,

2) Interpret its meaning, and

3) Give your comment on it.〖〗第一段是描述圖畫。

第二段是類比于孩子不孝敬老人的現(xiàn)象。

第三段發(fā)表評(píng)論。

我們想象中的最典型最理想的圖畫題提綱應(yīng)該是下面這樣：

1. 描述圖畫

2. 推導(dǎo)繪畫者的意圖

3. 做出評(píng)論

對(duì)于這一提綱我們來做具體分析，其中第三點(diǎn)更要細(xì)致研究。首先由圖畫引出一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)問題，可以是好的，也可以是不好的。在推導(dǎo)繪畫者的意圖時(shí)多是展開說此現(xiàn)象或問題的表現(xiàn)，以證明其引人注目。還有一種可能性是說此現(xiàn)象或問題產(chǎn)生的原因，提綱可直接列出，或還用上述提綱。這時(shí)可把簡(jiǎn)單意圖推導(dǎo)直接放到第一段描述圖畫之后，而在第二段中說原因。

第三段做出評(píng)論，有可能只是簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)論、深化主題就結(jié)束，但這種可能性越來越小了。這一部分很可能說的是辦法，不好的事情就是如何解決的辦法，好的事情就是如何進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的方法。

通過上述列表，我們可以看出，多年以來，真實(shí)的提綱是怎樣一步步地向我們想象中的理想模式靠近的。對(duì)于提綱里面出現(xiàn)的變化和規(guī)律，我們來分析一下。

我們仔細(xì)分析，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)歷年考研真題基本上都呈現(xiàn)“現(xiàn)象或問題——原因解釋——解決辦法”這樣的模式，但變化非常多。因?yàn)槲覀冋務(wù)摰募瓤梢允且患档煤霌P(yáng)的好事，也可能是一個(gè)令人憂心忡忡的社會(huì)問題;針對(duì)后者我們極有可能需要提出做法;而對(duì)于前者，可能解釋一下就結(jié)束了，也可能要寫出相應(yīng)的做法。

綜上所述，可以看出，比起圖表作文來，圖畫作文要更靈活，更富于變化。我們一定要多練習(xí)，以達(dá)到一看到圖畫(含圖中和圖邊文字)和提綱(有時(shí)有文章標(biāo)題)就能有效地審題解題，構(gòu)造出合理的具體段落的目的。

這里面還有個(gè)問題，就是舉例子，近年來已明確出現(xiàn)了兩次，這一點(diǎn)大家一定要多練習(xí)

免費(fèi)考研網(wǎng)www.freekaoyan.com

申請(qǐng)信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

申請(qǐng)信是向收信人提出某個(gè)請(qǐng)求的信件，包含三個(gè)部分：

1. 提出請(qǐng)求;

2. 說明原因;

3. 請(qǐng)求回復(fù)并表示感謝。

Directions 21

Write a letter to apply for a membership in an organization in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Peterson,

I am writing to apply for a membership in your musical band. My music teacher, Prof. Huntington, strongly recommended that I attend such a renowned organization, telling me that it would benefit me in many years to come.

I have been loving music ever since I was in elementary school. I learned piano at eight and flute at twelve. I hope I can grow up into a good saxophone player in your team—with so many music lovers around me, I will surely become more creative and enthusiastic.

If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Best regards.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

申請(qǐng)信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

申請(qǐng)信開篇應(yīng)點(diǎn)明主題，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練。接著說明做此申請(qǐng)的原因，即自己所具備的申請(qǐng)條件，這一部分需重點(diǎn)明確，論述充分。最后請(qǐng)求回復(fù)并表示感謝時(shí)，應(yīng)采用禮貌、誠(chéng)懇的措辭。

Directions 22

Write a letter to apply for a membership in a program in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

I have heard that the university will choose 30 students to teach in rural junior high schools for one month. I am very much interested in this program and want to be one of them.

I am a sophomore majoring in English language and literature and I have been a private tutor ever since I finished my College Entrance Examination. I love teaching—whenever I teach, I feel I am making progress together with my students all the time.

Enclosed are my score reports on all relative subjects. I hope that my application will get your favorable consideration.

With best regards.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

便 箋 1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

便箋也叫做便條，是一種簡(jiǎn)便的信函，形式簡(jiǎn)單，可用于詢問、道歉、請(qǐng)假、約會(huì)、留言、歸還東西等很多事由。

Directions 23

Suppose you and two of your friends have decided to go on a self?tour to Hangzhou and you want to invite another friend Cathy to join you. Write a note in about 100 words to her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Cathy,

We have planned a self?tour to Hangzhou next Saturday. I wonder if you would like to join us, Sherry, Alice and me.

You know, spring is the season when the scenery around West Lake is the most beautiful and it is very convenient for us to go there for it takes only two hour’s and a half by train or by coach. We are going by the 8∶20 train of Saturday morning and returning on Sunday evening. If you agree to go with us, we plan to book two rooms in the Youth Hostel which cost only 50 yuan a night and from which it’s only 20 minutes’ walk to West Lake.

I’m sure we will have a very good time and find the tour rewarding.

Yours,

Li Ming

便 箋 2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

便箋語(yǔ)言較簡(jiǎn)單和口語(yǔ)化，但應(yīng)注意，說明事由時(shí)要簡(jiǎn)潔、清楚，不需過多的套話。

Directions 24

Suppose your mother has come to see you and tonight you will sleep in the room she has booked in a hotel near your university. Write a note in about 100 words to inform your roommate Linda of that. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Linda,

I am afraid that I won’t be in our dormitory tonight because my mother has come here to see me and I plan to sleep in the room she has booked in a nearby hotel. I had wanted to tell you that in person but you are not back yet. So I have to leave this note for you.

My mother has brought me several bags of beef jerky that are a special product of my hometown. I’ve left two of them on your desk. Help yourself and I hope you’ll enjoy them.

Besides I have asked our teacher for a day’s leave. So I won’t be present in tomorrow’s class. Would you do me a favor by handing in my history assignment to the teacher? It is on your desk beneath the beef jerky. Thanks.

Take care of yourself.

Yours,

Li Ming

通 知 1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

通知的目的是傳遞信息或分配工作，包含內(nèi)容、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。如果是活動(dòng)，應(yīng)包含參加的人員范圍;如果是講座或報(bào)告，應(yīng)包含演講人的簡(jiǎn)介。

Directions 25

Write a notice in about 100 words to inform the students and English teachers of a lecture on Australian studies.

Sample:

NOTICE

We are very honored to invite Prof. Richard Gilbert from Sydney University to give us a lecture on Sino?Australian relationship in the new millennium. Prof. Gilbert graduated from Australian National University in 1979 and has been teaching Australian studies for more than 20 years. He has become a leading expert in this field and has published several books and numerous papers on such topics as Australian economy, education and foreign policy. His humorous and thought?provoking speech will surely benefit all the audience.

The lecture will be given at Yifu Auditorium from 7 to 9 o’clock next Thursday evening. All the teachers and students are welcome to attend this lecture.

English Department

August 27,

通 知 2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

通知必須用簡(jiǎn)練、準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)言傳遞信息。如果包含對(duì)演講人、主要參與人或組織者等的介紹，則語(yǔ)言應(yīng)大方得體，重點(diǎn)突出，切忌長(zhǎng)篇大論。

Directions 26

Write a notice in about 100 words for the Student Union to inform of a speech contest.

Sample:

NOTICE

The Student Union has decided to hold a Chinese speech contest to celebrate the coming National Day. The maximum time of each speaker is eight minutes. We will invite seven experts to serve as judges. Every speaker will be judged from three aspects: script, eloquence, and the reaction of the audience. The results will be announced immediately.

All the participants are required to hand in their request form before September 12. The preliminary contest falls on September 18 in the school library. The final contest will be held on September 30 in the cinema of our university.

The Student Union

Sept. 2,

備忘錄1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

備忘錄是單位內(nèi)部傳遞信息的文件，包括抬頭和正文，其中抬頭包含四個(gè)部分：

TO: 收閱者

FROM: 撰寫者

SUBJECT: 主題

DATE: 日期p副標(biāo)題e

Directions 27

Suppose you are the secretary of the Personnel Department of a company and are organizing a farewell party for a colleague who is going to retire. Write a memo in about 100 words to inform your colleagues of the meeting. Do not use your own name, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

TO: All employees of the Personnel Department

FROM: Li Ming, secretary of the Personnel Department

SUBJECT: Farewell Party for Liu Gang

DATE: Dec. 27,

Our colleague Liu Gang is going to retire next month. His retiring is really a pity to us all as he is such an amiable man who is always ready to help others, such an honest man who has won trust and respect from around him, and such a humorous man who can often add pleasure to our work. We have decided to hold a farewell party for him.

We are going to use the assembly room of our department for the party. I have organized several programs for entertainment, but they are not enough. So if anyone is willing to give performances, please let me know as soon as possible. Besides, our general manager and manager will be present, too.

All the colleagues of the Personnel Department are invited to attend the party which is scheduled on November 4, next Friday and will begin at 7 o’clock in the evening. By the way, all suggestions on the party are welcome.

備忘錄2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

備忘錄的主要目的是有效、快速地傳達(dá)信息，應(yīng)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、層次清楚，易于理解。如有并列信息，可借助項(xiàng)目符號(hào)或編號(hào)等，使人一目了然。不宜使用華麗的辭藻或復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)來炫耀自己的寫作才能。

Directions 28

Write a memo in about 100 words on behalf of the Student Union to call on students to join in the volunteer activities in Xinhua Community.

Sample:

TO: All students of Shanghai University

FROM: Student Union

SUBJECT: Volunteer activities in Xinhua Community

DATE: Sep. 13,

At the beginning of the new term, we plan to organize a series of volunteer activities in Xinhua Community, which is about 200 meters from our university.

The activities are scheduled on September 18, this Sunday and include doing housework for the disabled or old people who live by themselves, teaching English to children, and publicizing knowledge about healthy diet and about preventing common diseases.

We believe it is a good opportunity to show our love and know more about the society. 100 volunteers are needed. If you are willing and have time to take part in the activities, please come to the office of the Student Union on the third floor of the Administrative Building, where we would ask you to sign your name in a table and tell us what activity you are particularly interested in.

簡(jiǎn) 歷 1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

簡(jiǎn)歷是個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的書面表達(dá)形式，應(yīng)包含個(gè)人信息、教育背景和工作經(jīng)歷。有時(shí)還可包含事業(yè)目標(biāo)(objective或career objective)、其他經(jīng)歷(activities)、獲獎(jiǎng)情況(awards)和特長(zhǎng)(special skills)等。

Directions 29

Suppose you are going to graduate from the university. Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a job. Do not use your own name, using “Li Mei” instead.

Sample:

RESUME

Personal Data:

Name:Li Mei

Sex:Female

Address: Room 602, Dormitory Building 12,

Wuhan University

Wuhan, Hubei, 430021

Date of Birth:June 16, 1983

Place of Birth:Zunyi, Guizhou

Telephone:(027) 87273548, 13802347887

Email:angellimei@gmail.com

Hobbies:painting, reading, Internet surfing, dancing

Foreign Languages:English

Objective: To work as a regional sales representative who is responsible for sales activity and coordination

Education:

~ PresentStudying at Wuhan University

Bachelor of Arts in finance

1999 ~ Studying at Zunyi No. 1 High School

1996 ~ 1999Studying at Zunyi No. 7 Junior High School

Work Experience: None

Special Skills and Technical Qualifications:

I am professionally trained in finance and economics.

In addition to Mandarin, I can speak, write and read English fluently.

I had two part?time jobs in Taiping Company and Zhida Company, which helped me gain some sales operation knowledge and sales planning experience.

簡(jiǎn) 歷 2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

簡(jiǎn)歷忌過長(zhǎng)或用詞空泛，提供的信息應(yīng)有用、如實(shí)，編排須整齊有系統(tǒng)。

Directions 30

Suppose you are Tan Wen, English teacher at Taiyuan Institute of Technology. Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a new job in another city.

Sample:

Tan Wen

Taiyuan Institute of Technology

Taiyuan, Shanxi Province

Telephone: (0351) 6523787

Experience

~ Present

Working as a lecturer of English at Taiyuan Institute of Technology

Teaching undergraduate (non?English majors) intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, writing

Teaching graduate (non?English majors) writing

Education

1997 ~

Studying at Shanghai Teacher’s University

Master of Arts in American Studies

1993 ~ 1997

Studying at Shanxi University

Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Literature

1990 ~ 1993

Studying at Mianyang Senior High School

1987 ~ 1990

Studying at Mianyang No. 5 Junior High School

Personal Data

Sex: Female

Date of Birth: June 27, 1976

Place of Birth: Mianyang, Sichuan, China

Marital Status: Married, without Child

Health: Excellent

免費(fèi)考研網(wǎng)www.freekaoyan.com

祝賀信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

祝賀信是由于某種原因向收信人道賀的信件，一般包含三個(gè)部分：

1. 點(diǎn)明要祝賀的事情，并向?qū)Ψ降蕾R;

2. 詳述祝賀的事情;

3. 再次祝賀。

Directions 11

Suppose your friend Ellen is going to graduate from Fudan University and get a Master?s Degree. Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Ellen,

How delighted I am when I hear that you are going to graduate from Fudan University and get a Master’s Degree! Though I cannot go to Shanghai to join in the celebration of your graduation owing to the long distance between the two cities, yet I wish to express my most earnest and ardent congratulations through this letter.

For years you have made unremitting efforts in your specialized field and your diligence and intelligence at last win you honor. I am not only happy for but also proud of you from the bottom of my heart.

I believe as an up?and?coming person, you will use your head and hands to develop your career to a higher level after the graduation.

May you achieve greater success in the future.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

祝賀信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

祝賀信除了向?qū)Ψ降蕾R以外，還可表達(dá)祝福、期望等。語(yǔ)言應(yīng)熱情洋溢，滿懷喜悅。

Directions 12

Suppose your friend Mr. Zhao has recently got a promotion. Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate him. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Zhao,

I am extremely glad to hear that you have got a promotion in your company. Congratulations!

It is excellent of you to get a promotion, for after all you have just been in the company for six months. As we all know, you are always a both hard?working and creative person, which is essential to achieve your goals in work. Moreover, your strong sense of responsibility enables you to win trust from people around you and thus win yourself various opportunities. I think that is why you can make achievements in such a short time.

There is no doubt that you deserve the promotion. Having you as a friend, I really feel both proud and lucky because I can often learn so much from you.

Best wishes.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

邀請(qǐng)信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

邀請(qǐng)信是邀請(qǐng)收信人參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的書信，包含三個(gè)方面：

1. 邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方參加活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn);

2. 與該活動(dòng)有關(guān)的注意事項(xiàng);

3. 期待對(duì)方接受邀請(qǐng)，并可表示感謝。

Directions 13

Write a letter to one of your high school classmates who is in a nearby city, and invite him/her to your city at this weekend. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Linda,

We haven’t seen each other for six years after graduation. I am so glad to hear that you have graduated from UCLA and come back to work in Suzhou. If you are free this Saturday, please come to Shanghai and have a good time with me.

We can first go to the Century Park, where the flowers are all in blossom. Let’s go boating on the lake —isn’t it pleasant in the cool breeze? Then I will treat you to dinner at a western restaurant on Huaihai Road—it is small but really nice—I’m sure you will enjoy it. After dinner, let’s go to a concert—you are a music lover, aren’t you?

If you couldn’t come, please notify me before Friday. If you can, please tell me which train you will take and I will meet you at the railway station.

I am looking forward to meeting you.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

邀請(qǐng)信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

邀請(qǐng)信敘事一定要清楚、明白。如寫給朋友，可選用活潑、真誠(chéng)的言辭;如寫給長(zhǎng)輩、上級(jí)、名人等，則語(yǔ)言應(yīng)正式、禮貌。

Directions 14

Write a letter to invite a famous professor to give a lecture to the English postgraduate students in your university. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Professor Michael Hutchison,

We are very glad to hear that you are attending an international conference in Beijing. We are writing this letter to inquiry the possibility of inviting you to deliver a lecture on American literature for our postgraduate students on the evening of June 16.

We have long been noticed that you have done a lot of substantial and creative work in this field. Two of your books have become textbooks for our students for several years. So all of us believe your lecture will benefit our students and teaching staff alike.

If you can manage to come, please tell us the number of your flight and we will meet you at the airport. If you can’t make it, please also let us know.

We are looking forward to your coming.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

投訴信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

投訴信是對(duì)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)表示不滿的信件，一般分三個(gè)部分：

1. 提出投訴內(nèi)容;

2. 說明具體情況;

3. 提出解決辦法。

Directions 15

Suppose that you ordered a television but later found that it has worrying problems. Write a letter of complaint to describe the matter and require settlement. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

The television I ordered from your store arrived on time last Friday, but only three days later I found it could not work properly.

On Tuesday evening, when I turned on the television, I was surprised to find that it became a black?and?white television—all of the other colors were simply gone. What made matters worse, the remote control was also out of order. I dialed your service number for several times, but the line was always busy.

This problem has affected our normal life. Can you get it repaired as soon as possible? Thank you for your consideration.

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

投訴信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

投訴信應(yīng)重點(diǎn)表明投訴的原因，敘事應(yīng)客觀、準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔。最后提出的解決方法應(yīng)切實(shí)可行。在表達(dá)自己的不滿時(shí)，語(yǔ)言要把握分寸，不失風(fēng)度。

Directions 16

Write a letter to complain about an unhappy experience in about 100 words to describe the matter and ask for the mistake to be corrected. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

I am writing to you about a most unhappy experience. Last Tuesday morning, we took a long?route bus of your company from Dukou to Lijiang. The bus was scheduled to arrive in Lijiang at 7 o’clock in the evening, but it stopped midway at four p.m. for mechanical problems. The driver and the ticket seller could neither solve the problem by themselves nor seek help from others.

Where we stopped was nowhere near a village. Up until 8 o’clock, another bus finally carried us to a shabby rural motel. We had to pay for our accommodation. The room was too small and the quilt was so dirty. To our surprise, when we just managed to sleep at around 2 a.m., the driver came to wake us up—the bus had been fixed!

I suggest that you look into this matter immediately and deal with it quickly and properly.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Ming

詢問信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

詢問信是希望獲取信息的信件，分為三個(gè)部分：

1. 說明自己的計(jì)劃或目的，也就是詢問信息的原因;

2. 征詢具體信息;

3. 期待回復(fù)并表示感謝。

Directions 17

Write a letter inquiring about a hotel. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Guo,

I am going to visit Songpan on July 30 and wish to stay at your hotel. My friend has just come back and warmly recommended it to me.

My wife and I want to go horse trekking with the Happy Trails Horse Team. We will choose to go to the Ice Mountain, so it will take four days. We want a double room with a private bath for two nights, July 30 and August 3.

Would you please tell us whether we could have such a room and how much it will cost us?

I am looking forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

詢問信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

詢問信應(yīng)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔、清晰，無歧義。語(yǔ)氣禮貌、懇切。

Directions 18

You are a tourist and you want to experience a new way of traveling. Write a letter inquiring about such a traveling program. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Guo Chang,

My wife and I have read in the traveling book Lonely Planet about your Happy Trails Horse Team. We are very much interested in going horse trekking with your team.

We want to choose the Ice Mountain route, which will take four days, from July 31 to August 3. What should we take with us? Will the guides provide accommodation for us? How much will the tour cost each of us?

We will reach Songpan on the afternoon of July 30 at about 5 o’clock. I hope it will not be too late when we arrive at your team.

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

介紹信1

結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn):

介紹信是向收信人介紹某人的信件，包含三個(gè)部分：

1. 說明被介紹人的身份;

2. 提出希望收信人做的事情;

3. 如果是請(qǐng)收信人關(guān)照被介紹人，表示感謝;如果是請(qǐng)收信人與被介紹人共同工作，則對(duì)合作表示樂觀。

Directions 19

Suppose that your friend is going to stay at a big city. Write a letter in about 100 words to introduce her to a friend there. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Linda,

I want to introduce to you the bearer of this letter, Helen Herbert, who is a diligent and intelligent scholar just like you. She will attend an international conference on economics from August 27 through August 30 at the Shangri?La Hotel of your city.

She will have no problem with her accommo?dation. I am sure a talk will benefit both of you a lot. I have given your mobile phone number to her, and I hope it will not cause any inconvenience for you.

Thank you for your kindness and consideration.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

介紹信2

語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn):

介紹信應(yīng)措辭禮貌得體，對(duì)被介紹人的說明應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)潔明了、重點(diǎn)突出。

Directions 20

Write a letter to inform a colleague of a coming visiting scholar in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Anna,

Please allow me to take this opportunity to introduce a visiting scholar, George Martin, from University of California at Berkeley. He will be a member of our Program of Asia?Pacific Economy for nine months.

George is an enthusiastic and enterprising scholar. He has done various researches on American and Asian economies for more than ten years. I am sure that his participation will do a lot of help to our recent research.

George will be arriving here on next Friday and he will soon go to visit you after arrival. You can introduce the overall development of our program to him, and then explore the details of cooperation.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

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「構(gòu)思要訣」

圖畫作文的基本審題過程一定包含以小見大，把握象征寓意的過程。圖畫式寫作是較難的題型之一，面對(duì)此類題型，考生應(yīng)首先確定主題，然后再動(dòng)筆。

第一步，看仔細(xì)。考生應(yīng)對(duì)圖畫進(jìn)行全面而細(xì)致的研究，尤其注意圖畫中人或物(人與物)的體貌表情特征和背景，確定人物之間，人物與背景之間的主要關(guān)系，以便正確掌握?qǐng)D畫所傳達(dá)的信息。如果圖畫以系列形式(即兩幅以上)出現(xiàn)，還應(yīng)該對(duì)圖畫之間的相應(yīng)聯(lián)系有所理解，從而在整體上把握?qǐng)D畫所傳達(dá)的信息。

第二步，擬提綱。根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容的不同，采用不同的段落發(fā)展方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以描述為主，即按空間方位或時(shí)間先后順序排列，可采用開頭——擴(kuò)展——結(jié)尾的寫作方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以解釋說明為主，寫作時(shí)則先給出主題句，再圍繞主題句完成各段落的寫作，這是采用主題句——擴(kuò)展句——總結(jié)句的寫作方式。

第三步，突出主題。展開段落要根據(jù)畫面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行，同時(shí)也要圍繞每一段的主題句進(jìn)行。

第四步，小修改。考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查圖畫內(nèi)容是否準(zhǔn)確地被表達(dá)出來，題目所給提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在與畫面不相符的內(nèi)容，或未能完全涵蓋題目所給提示，應(yīng)做出相應(yīng)修訂。

接下來，我們分析一下的漫畫考題，并抽調(diào)當(dāng)年的高分實(shí)考樣卷，加以點(diǎn)評(píng)。

寫作題目

Directions： Study the pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following：

1. describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning

2. point out its implications in our life

的考試題為溫室中的花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨，題目本身就顯得話里有話，意猶未盡。我們提到，圖畫作文的基本審題過程一定包含以小見大，把握象征寓意的過程，畫面雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但要把一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事物和一個(gè)大的群體進(jìn)行結(jié)合聯(lián)想，還要聯(lián)系實(shí)際，否則很難切入宏大的論述主題。

There is no garden without its weeds.

沒有不長(zhǎng)雜草的花園。觀察兩幅圖畫不能只看到溫室和花朵，還要以小見大，與主題和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義掛鉤聯(lián)想。花兒可以代表獨(dú)生子女，成長(zhǎng)中的青少年;溫室代表父母的溺愛和優(yōu)越的物質(zhì)生活條件等;風(fēng)雨呢，可以理解為逆境的考驗(yàn)，特別是現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中的殘酷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

中國(guó)古訓(xùn)中有寶劍鋒從磨礪出，梅花香自苦寒來的名句，結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)中獨(dú)生子女由于嬌生慣養(yǎng)而不能獨(dú)立面對(duì)困難的問題，通過兩圖對(duì)比得出現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，即父母要多給子女獨(dú)立面對(duì)困難的機(jī)會(huì)，年輕人要多經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨、挑戰(zhàn)和逆境考驗(yàn)才能走向成功。

參考范文：

The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in two different living circumstances. As is shown in the first drawing， the flower is placed in a cozy greenhouse which shelters it from the severe wind and storm. With proper temperature and other good conditions， the flower is growing in full bloom. In contrast， when removed from the green house and exposed to the wind and storm， the flower immediately fades and withers， with most of its petals cast about on the ground.

The implied meaning conveyed by the drawings should be taken into account seriously. The weak flower is naturally associated with our young people， to be exact， the only children in our current society; the green house epitomizes our parents?excessive doting care and material supplies that can protect the children from the wind and storm， to be specific， the harsh reality. Once our young people begin to seek independence and face challenges from the real competitive world， they are found too spoiled to be strong enough to endure the hardships and difficulties of various sorts.

In sum it is essential for our young people to derive positive implications from the above thought?provoking drawings. Only by undergoing more predicaments can young people develop strong personality and ability needed in the future， and only in this way can they eventually become winners in our competitive changing world.

這篇作文在當(dāng)年獲18分的高分，文章結(jié)構(gòu)銜接緊湊，緊扣題目要求，層次分明。大家如果能夠達(dá)到這個(gè)要求，往往就不難拿到高分;另外，每一段的段首句是寫作中的重中之重，老師閱卷時(shí)往往沒有時(shí)間細(xì)看每一句，幾秒鐘就掃視完全篇，本文的段首句都是主題句，然后用一兩句話分層次展開，簡(jiǎn)單分析，最后一段歸納升華，或者總結(jié)概況。

「友情提示」

揭示寓意，切忌盲目求新。譬如，的作文題目是一組漫畫，漢語(yǔ)標(biāo)題為溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨。按出題者的本意，其中心思想應(yīng)當(dāng)是根據(jù)卷面所提供的兩幅漫畫和漢語(yǔ)標(biāo)題注解，論述當(dāng)今部分青少年猶如溫室的花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨，其重點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)圍繞青少年的挫折，發(fā)表自己的見解。而有人卻反其道而行之，誤解為我們應(yīng)當(dāng)保護(hù)青少年不受風(fēng)雨侵襲。像這樣的作文，不管描述多清楚，文字多優(yōu)美，也別指望獲取寫作高分。

一定不要放過圖中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要，文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些寫作要點(diǎn)。另外，面對(duì)漫畫題型，考生應(yīng)該展開合理而豐富的聯(lián)想，用生動(dòng)而恰當(dāng)?shù)难赞o抒發(fā)自己對(duì)圖畫的所思、所想、所感。

經(jīng)典句式及慣用表達(dá)

我們?cè)谙旅鏆w納總結(jié)出秘密武器式的經(jīng)典句式、慣用表達(dá)等，供同學(xué)們借鑒使用。

1) As is known ……

2) It is a common saying that ……

3) It is clear that ……

4) It is hard to imagine ……

5) It?s hard to say whether ……

6) It must be pointed out that ……

7) It is (has been) estimated that……

8) It must be kept in mind that……

9) It can be seen from this that ……

10) It seems certain that ……

11) The set of drawings above vividly depicts……

A man is only as good as what he loves.

一個(gè)人要用他所愛的東西有多好來衡量。12) Simple as it is， the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep and profound.

14) As we know， it was not until recently that the problem was solved.

15) It is certain that we have a long way to go.

美文賞析

Wealth is the test of a man?s character.

財(cái)富是對(duì)一個(gè)人品格的試金石。

Modesty

Modesty is one of the many qualities that young people should possess. It makes us foresee our imperfections. It gives us the impetus to go forward. Most important of all， it makes us accessible and creates favorable conditions for us in interpersonal contacts.

However， many young people do not seem to realize the importance of modesty. Some of them just feel satisfied with a little success， without the slightest desire to make further progress. Others have too high an opinion of themselves， totally ignoring other people?s suggestions and advice. Consequently， their immodesty often drives them up against the wall. Worst of all， immodesty takes many young people away from their colleagues and friends. Therefore， they find fewer people with whom they can confide.

To be modest， the first thing to do is to have a full understanding of your deficiencies. No matter who you are and no matter how talented you are， you are unlikely to be all?powerful. In fact， you will always， in spite of your talents， find things about which you feel helpless. Besides， you should also admit other people?s strong points and try your best to learn from them. If you keep these two points in mind， you are on the right path to developing modesty.

謙虛是一種美德，這是任何時(shí)候都不過時(shí)的話題。文章行文流暢，句式變換多樣。

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